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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on November 27, 2006
Plant and Cell Physiology 2007 48(1):66-73; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcl038
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Magnesium Enhances Aluminum-Induced Citrate Secretion in Rice Bean Roots (Vigna umbellata) by Restoring Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase Activity

Jian Li Yang1,4, Jiang Feng You2,1,4, Ya Ying Li1, Ping Wu3 and Shao Jian Zheng3,*

1College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China
2College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
3State Key Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China

*Corresponding author: E-mail, sjzheng{at}zju.edu.cn; Fax, + 86-571-88206438.


  Abstract

We demonstrated that magnesium (Mg) can alleviate aluminum (Al) toxicity in rice bean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & Ohashi] more effectively than is expected from a non-specific cation response. Micromolar concentrations of Mg alleviated the inhibition of root growth by Al but not by lanthanum, and neither strontium nor barium at the micromolar level alleviates Al toxicity. Aluminum also induced citrate efflux from rice bean roots, and this response was stimulated by inclusion of 10 µM Mg in the treatment solution. The increase in the Al-induced citrate efflux by Mg paralleled the improvement in root growth, suggesting that the ameliorative effect of Mg might be related to greater citrate efflux. Vanadate (an effective H+-ATPase inhibitor) decreased the Al-induced citrate efflux, while addition of Mg partly restored the efflux. Mg addition also increased the activity of Al-reduced plasma membrane H+-ATPase, as well as helping to maintain the Mg and calcium contents in root apices. We propose that the addition of Mg to the toxic Al treatment helps maintain the tissue Mg content and the activity of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase. These changes enhanced the Al-dependent efflux of citrate which provided extra protection from Al stress.

Keywords: Aluminum resistance - Citrate secretion - Magnesium - Plasma membrane H+-ATPase

Abbreviations: Al, aluminum; Ba, barium; BTP, 1,3-bis(tris[hydroxymethyl]-methylamino) propane; Ca, calcium; La, lanthanum; Mg, magnesium; Sr, strontium.

4 These authors contributed equally to this work.

(Received August 31, 2006; Accepted November 15, 2006)
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