Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on July 2, 2006
Plant and Cell Physiology 2006 47(8):1081-1094; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcj078
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Isolation and Characterization of High Temperature-Resistant Germination Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana
1 Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
2 Laboratoire de Biologie des Semences, Unite Mixte de Recherche 204, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78026 Versailles, France
* Corresponding author: E-mail, kawakami{at}isc.meiji.ac.jp; Fax, +81-44-934-7821.
Temperature is a primary environmental cue for seed germination of many weeds and vegetables. To investigate the mechanism of germination regulation by temperature, we selected five high temperature (thermoinhibition)-resistant germination mutants (TRW lines) from 20,000 T-DNA insertion lines of Arabidopsis. Segregation analyses indicated that each of the five lines had single locus recessive mutations. The seeds of TRW134-15 and TRW187 showed reduced sensitivity to ABA and also to the gibberrellin biosynthesis inhibitor, paclobutrazol. Genetic and nucleotide sequencing analyses indicated that TRW187 is a new allele of abi3 (abi3-14). TRW71-1 exhibited a maternal effect for both thermoinhibition-resistant and transparent testa phenotypes, and genetic analysis revealed that the mutation was allelic to tt7 (tt7-4 sib). Interestingly, the seeds of reduced dormancy mutants rdo1, rdo2, rdo3 and rdo4 were also thermoinhibition tolerant, and all the TRW seeds showed reduced dormancy. Like rdo3, TRW13-1 had shorter siliques and slightly shorter stems than the wild type. The mutation of TRW13-1 was mapped to the bottom arm of chromosome 1 where rdo3 has also been mapped, but the two mutants are not allelic. We designated TRW13-1 as thermoinhibition-resistant germination 1 (trg1). We also mapped the ABA-insensitive mutation of TRW134-15 to the bottom arm of chromosome 5 and named it trg2. These results show that both embryo/endosperm and maternal factors contribute to germination inhibition at supraoptimal temperatures in Arabidopsis. In addition, we confirm the role of ABA in thermoinhibition of seed germination and a link between seed physiological dormancy and response to high temperature.
The nucleotide sequence reported in this paper has been submitted to DDBJ under accession number AB253328 [GenBank] (ABI3 gene of Ws).
3 Present address: Miyoshi Breeding Station, Musashino Seed Co., Ltd, Iruma-gun 354-0045, Japan.
4 Present address: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
5 Present address: Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan.
(Received January 17, 2006; Accepted June 13, 2006)
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