Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on March 7, 2005
Plant and Cell Physiology 2005 46(4):638-648; doi:10.1093/pcp/pci069
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Plant Cell Growth and Ion Flux Responses to the Streptomycete Phytotoxin Thaxtomin A: Calcium and Hydrogen Flux Patterns Revealed by the Non-invasive MIFE Technique
1 Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, New Town Research Laboratories, 13 St John’s Avenue, New Town, Tasmania 7008, Australia
2 School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
3 Corresponding author: E-mail, Sergey.Shabala{at}utas.edu.au; Fax, +613-6226-2642.
Thaxtomin A, a key phytotoxin produced by plant pathogenic Streptomyces sp., is implicit in common scab disease expression in potato. Primary targets and modes of action of thaxtomin A toxicity in plant cells are not well understood. In this work, early signalling events associated with thaxtomin A toxicity were studied using the ion-selective microelectrode ion flux estimation (MIFE) technique. Thaxtomin A-induced changes in net ion fluxes were measured across the plasma membrane (PM) of root and pollen tube tissue in Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato. Within a minute after toxin application, a rapid and short-lived Ca2+ influx was observed. Well ahead of the marked inhibition of root growth, a significant shift towards net H+ efflux across the PM occurred in all tissues. Similar to root tissues, thaxtomin A significantly modified ion flux profiles from growing pollen tubes. Thaxtomin A was more effective in young, physiologically active tissues (root elongation zone or pollen tube apex), suggesting a higher density of thaxtomin A-binding sites in these regions. Overall, our data provide the first evidence that thaxtomin A triggers an early signalling cascade, which may be crucial in plant–pathogen interactions. It also suggests a possible interaction between thaxtomin A and PM auxin receptors, as revealed from experiments on the auxin-sensitive ucu2-2/gi2 A. thaliana mutant.
Received October 3, 2004; Accepted February 4, 2005
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  V. Bischoff, S. J. Cookson, S. Wu, and W.-R. Scheible Thaxtomin A affects CESA-complex density, expression of cell wall genes, cell wall composition, and causes ectopic lignification in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings J. Exp. Bot., March 1, 2009; 60(3): 955 - 965. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Errakhi, A. Dauphin, P. Meimoun, A. Lehner, D. Reboutier, P. Vatsa, J. Briand, K. Madiona, J. P. Rona, M. Barakate, et al. An early Ca2+ influx is a prerequisite to thaxtomin A-induced cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana cells J. Exp. Bot., November 17, 2008; (2008) ern267v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. C. Lanfermeijer, M. Staal, R. Malinowski, J. W. Stratmann, and J. T. M. Elzenga Micro-Electrode Flux Estimation Confirms That the Solanum pimpinellifolium cu3 Mutant Still Responds to Systemin Plant Physiology, January 1, 2008; 146(1): 129 - 139. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Shabala, L. Shabala, D. Gradmann, Z. Chen, I. Newman, and S. Mancuso Oscillations in plant membrane transport: model predictions, experimental validation, and physiological implications J. Exp. Bot., January 1, 2006; 57(1): 171 - 184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. O'LOONEY and S. C. FRY Oxaziclomefone, a New Herbicide, Inhibits Wall Expansion in Maize Cell-cultures without Affecting Polysaccharide Biosynthesis, Xyloglucan Transglycosylation, Peroxidase Action or Apoplastic Ascorbate Oxidation Ann. Bot., November 1, 2005; 96(6): 1097 - 1107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|