Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on August 4, 2005
Plant and Cell Physiology 2005 46(10):1646-1656; doi:10.1093/pcp/pci180
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Class III Homeodomain Leucine-Zipper Proteins Regulate Xylem Cell Differentiation
1 Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
2 Plant Science Center, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Turumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 230-0043 Japan
* Corresponding author: Kyoko Ohashi-Ito, E-mail, koito{at}stanford.edu; Fax, +81-3-3812-4929; Hiroo Fukuda, E-mail, fukuda{at}biol.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Fax, +81-3-3812-4929.
Although it has been suggested that class III homeodomain leucine-zipper proteins (HD-Zip III) are involved in vascular development, details of the function of individual HD-Zip III proteins in vascular differentiation have not been resolved. To understand the function of each HD-Zip III protein in vascular differentiation precisely, we analyzed the in vitro transcriptional activity and in vivo function of Zinnia HD-Zip III genes, ZeHB-10, ZeHB-11 and ZeHB-12, which show xylem-related expression. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants harboring cauliflower mosaic virus 35S-driven ZeHB-10 and ZeHB-12 with a mutation in the START domain (mtZeHB-10, mtZeHB-12) showed a higher production of tracheary elements (TEs) and xylem precursor cells, respectively. A systematic analysis with Genechip arrays revealed that overexpression of mtZeHB-12 rapidly induced various genes, including brassinosteroid-signaling pathway-related genes and genes for transcription factors that are expressed specifically in vascular tissues in situ. Furthermore, mtZeHB-12 overexpression did not induce TE-specific genes, including genes related to programmed cell death and lignin polymerization, but did induce lignin monomer synthesis-related genes, which are expressed in xylem parenchyma cells. These results suggest that ZeHB-12 is involved in the differentiation of xylem parenchyma cells, but not of TEs.
3 Present address, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
(Received June 10, 2005; Accepted July 24, 2005)
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