Plant and Cell Physiology, 2002, Vol. 43, No. 12 1445-1455
© 2002 Oxford University Press
The NADPH:Quinone Oxidoreductase P1-
-crystallin in Arabidopsis Catalyzes the 
,ß-Hydrogenation of 2-Alkenals: Detoxication of the Lipid Peroxide-Derived Reactive Aldehydes
1 Faculty of Agriculture and
2 Radioisotope Laboratory, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi, 753-8515 Japan
3 Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011 Japan
4 Laboratorium voor Genetica, Departement Genetica, Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Universiteit Gent, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
5 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Fukuyama University, Gakuen-cho 1, Fukuyama, 729-0292 Japan
P1-
-crystallin (P1-ZCr) is an oxidative stress-induced NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase in Arabidopsis thaliana, but its physiological electron acceptors have not been identified. We found that recombinant P1-ZCr catalyzed the reduction of 2-alkenals of carbon chain C3-C9 with NADPH. Among these 2-alkenals, the highest specificity was observed for 4-hydroxy-(2E)-nonenal (HNE), one of the major toxic products generated from lipid peroxides. (3Z)-Hexenal and aldehydes without 
,ß-unsaturated bonds did not serve as electron acceptors. In the 2-alkenal molecules, P1-ZCr catalyzed the hydrogenation of ,ß-unsaturated bonds, but not the reduction of the aldehyde moiety, to produce saturated aldehydes, as determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. We propose the enzyme name NADPH:2-alkenal ,ß-hydrogenase (ALH). A major portion of the NADPH-dependent HNE-reducing activity in A. thaliana leaves was inhibited by the specific antiserum against P1-ZCr, indicating that the endogenous P1-ZCr protein has ALH activity. Because expression of the P1-ZCr gene in A. thaliana is induced by oxidative stress treatments, we conclude that P1-ZCr functions as a defense against oxidative stress by scavenging the highly toxic, lipid peroxide-derived ,ß-unsaturated aldehydes.
6 Corresponding author: E-mail, mano@agr.yamaguchi-u.ac.jp; Fax, +81-83-933-5944.
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