Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on November 2, 2009
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcp153
Exogenous Polyamines Elicit Herbivore-Induced Volatiles in Lima Bean Leaves: Involvement of Calcium, H2O2 and Jasmonic Acid
1 Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, 520-2113, Japan and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
2 Plant Physiology Unit, Dept. Plant Biology and Centre of Excellence CEBIOVEM, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15, 10135 Turin, Italy.
3 Global COE Program: Evolution and Biodiversity, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
4 Laboratory of Insect Physiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
5 Laboratory of Biofunction Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan (T.N.)
Corresponding Author: Prof. Junji Takabayashi Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, 520-2113, Japan Tel/Fax +81-77-549-8235 Email: junji{at}ecology.kyoto-u.ac.jp
| Abstract |
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We investigated the role of polyamines (PAs) in lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) leaves on the production of herbivorous mite (Tetranuchus urticae)-induced plant volatiles that attract carnivorous natural enemies of the herbivores. To do this, we focused on the effects of the exogenous PAs [cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine and spermine (Spm)] on the production of volatiles, H2O2 and jasmonic acid (JA) and the levels of defensive genes, cytosolic calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Among the tested PAs, Spm was most active in inducing the production of volatile terpenoids known to be induced by T. urticae. An increase in JA levels was also found after Spm treatment, indicating that Spm induces the biosynthesis of JA, which has been shown elsewhere to regulate the production of some volatile terpenoids. Further, treatment with JA and Spm together resulted in greater volatile emission than that with JA alone. In a Y-tube olfactometer, leaves treated with Spm+JA attracted more predatory mites (Phytoseiulus persimilis) than those treated with JA alone. After treatment with Spm+JA, no effects were found on enzyme activity of polyamine oxidase (PAO) and Cu-amine oxidase (CuAO). However, induction of calcium influx and ROS production, and increased enzyme activities and gene expressions for NADPH-oxidase complex, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase, were found after treatment with Spm+JA. These results indicate that Spm plays an important role in the production of T. urticae-induced lima bean leaf volatiles.
Keywords: Polyamines - Lima bean - Herbivore induced volatile organic compounds - Calcium and ROS signaling - Jasmonic acid - Quantitative gene expression
* These authors contributed equally.
* * Present address: Institute for Advanced Biosciences 403-1 Daihoji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0017 Japan
(Received September 7, 2009; Accepted October 22, 2009)
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