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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on November 5, 2009
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcp146
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

ABA Hypersensitive Germination2-1 Causes the Activation of Both Abscisic Acid and Salicylic Acid Responses in Arabidopsis

Noriyuki Nishimura1,2,*, Mami Okamoto1, Mari Narusaka3, Michiko Yasuda4, Hideo Nakashita4, Kazuo Shinozaki2, Yoshihiro Narusaka3 and Takashi Hirayama1,5

1, Graduate School of Art and Science, Yokohama City Univ. 1-7-29 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
2, RIKEN PSC, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
3, Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Okayama, 7549-1 Yoshikawa, Kibichuo-cho, Okayama 716-1241, Japan.
4, Plant Acquired Immunity Research Unit, Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
5, Molecular Membrane Biology Lab., Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.

Corresponding author: Takashi Hirayama Yokohama City Univ. 1-7-29 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan TEL: 045-508-7220 FAX: 045-508-7363 e-mail: takashih{at}riken.jp


  Abstract

Abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) are believed to act antagonistically. We previously reported that an ABA hypersensitive mutant ahg2-1, which had a reduced expression of polyA specific ribonuclease (PARN), exhibited pleiotropic phenotypes including unique enhanced ABA- and SA-sensitive phenotypes. In this study, we characterised the increased SA-sensitive phenotype of this mutant in detail and addressed its relation with ABA-related and dwarf phenotypes. We found that the ahg2-1 mutant had a high endogenous SA level and an elevated resistance to bacterial pathogen. Double mutant analyses showed that Arabidopsis plants defective in the SA-signaling pathway (npr1 and pad4 mutants and nahG transgenic plants) could suppress neither the ABA hypersensitivity nor the dwarf phenotypes. These results indicate that ABA-related, SA- related, and dwarf phenotypes of the ahg2-1 are independent each other. To obtain more insight into the molecular basis of ahg2-1 effect, microarray analyses were conducted not only for ahg2-1 but also for ahg2sid2 or ahg2abi1 so as to reduce the secondary effects of SA or ABA. The resulting data indicates that ahg2-1 has a unique gene expression profile, consistent with the novel phenotype of this mutant. Detailed comparison of the expression profiles of up- or down-regulated genes implied that ahg2-1 somehow affects mitochondrial function. Our data suggests that a partial loss of PARN activity affects ABA, SA, and mitochondrial function independently, and that the regulation of mRNA levels is deeply implicated in diverse cellular functions.

Keywords: ABA - salicylic acid - Arabidopsis thaliana - polyA specific ribonuclease

* present address: University of California, San Diego, Division of Biological Sciences, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA

(Received June 29, 2009; Accepted October 17, 2009)
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