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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on November 2, 2009
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcp137
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

ZIP Genes Encode Proteins Involved In Membrane Trafficking Of The TGN-PVC/vacuoles.

Mitsuru Niihama{dagger},2, Noriko Takemoto{dagger},1, Yasuko Hashiguchi1, Masao Tasaka1 and Miyo Terao Morita1

1 Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
2 Plant Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan

Corresponding author: *Miyo Terao Morita Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan e-mail; mimorita{at}bs.naist.jp Phone; 81-743-72-5485 Fax; 81-743-72-5489


  Abstract

The Arabidopsis zigzgag (zig) is a loss-of-function mutant of Qb-SNARE VTI11 which is involved in vesicle trafficking between the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and vacuoles. zig-1 exhibits abnormality both in shoot gravitropism and morphology. To elucidate the molecular network of the post-Golgi membrane trafficking in plant cells, we have isolated the suppressor mutants of zig. Here we report zig suppressor 2 (zip2) and zip4 that are recessive mutants and partially suppress abnormality both in gravitropism and morphology. The ZIP2 encodes AtVPS41/AtVAM2 protein that is thought to be an Arabidopsis ortholog of yeast Vps41p/Vam2p, which is involved in protein sorting to vacuoles as a subunit of tethering complex HOPS. Yeast Vps41p is also proposed to function in budding of AP-3 coated vesicles from the Golgi. The zip2 mutation is a missense mutation in a conserved amino acid of a putative clathrin heavy chain repeat (CHCR) domain. AtVPS41 is a single-copy gene in Arabidopsis genome and the T-DNA insertion mutant appears to be lethal, whereas zip2 single mutant showed no obvious phenotype. On the other hand, the zip4 is a loss-of-function mutant of a putative ortholog of yeast AP-3 µ subunit. In addition, loss-of-function mutant of other subunits of AP-3, ap-3β and ap-3{delta}, also exhibit suppressive effect on zig-1 phenotype. Although these genes are also single-copy genes in the genome, the loss-of-function mutants of AP-3 grow normally. Our results suggest that AtVPS41 and AP-3 play roles in proper function of the post-Golgi trafficking network and support membrane trafficking to vacuoles.

Keywords: Arabidopsis - genetics - gravitropism - membrane trafficking - vacuole

{dagger}: These authors equally contributed to this work.

(Received August 9, 2009; Accepted September 29, 2009)
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