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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on July 14, 2009
Plant and Cell Physiology 2009 50(9):1600-1616; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcp102
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Estimation of the Relative Sizes of Rate Constants for Chlorophyll De-excitation Processes Through Comparison of Inverse Fluorescence Intensities

Ichiro Kasajima1,2,4,*, Kentaro Takahara1, Maki Kawai-Yamada2,4 and Hirofumi Uchimiya1,3

1Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032 Japan
2Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 338-8570 Japan
3Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, 22-174-4 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate, 024-0003 Japan
4Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Saitama, 332-0012 Japan

*Corresponding author: E-mail, kasajima2008{at}live.jp/kasajima{at}iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Fax, +81-3-5841-8466.


  Abstract

The paper derives a simple way to calculate the linear relationships between all separable groups of rate constants for de-excitation of Chl a excitation energy. This is done by comparison of the inverse values of chlorophyll fluorescence intensities and is based on the matrix model of Kitajima and Butler and on the lake model of energy exchange among PSII centers. Compared with the outputs of earlier, similar calculations, the results presented here add some linear comparisons of the relative sizes of rate constants without the need for F0' measurement. This enables us to regenerate the same alternative formula to calculate qL as presented previously, in a different and simple form. The same former equation to calculate F0' value from Fm, Fm' and F0 values is also regenerated in our calculation system in a simple form. We also apply relaxation analysis to separate the rate constant for non-photochemical quenching (kNPQ) into the rate constant for a fast-relaxing non-photochemical quenching (kfast) and the rate constant for slow-relaxing non-photochemical quenching (kslow). Changes in the sizes of rate constants were measured in Arabidopsis thaliana and in rice.

Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana - Chlorophyll fluorescence parameter - Lake model - Relaxation analysis - Rice - Stern–Volmer approach

Abbreviations: EET, excited energy transfer; {Delta} Fv / Fm, decrease of the parameter Fv/Fm during treatment; F, chlorophyll fluorescence intensity (in general); Fm and Fm', maximum fluorescence intensities under dark-adapted or light-adapted states; Fm'', maximum fluorescence intensity during relaxation analysis; Fv / Fm, a chlorophyll fluorescence parameter esti-mating the maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry; F0 and Fs, fluorescence intensities under dark-adapted or light-adapted states; F0', fluorescence intensity immediately after turning off actinic light, with all PSII reaction centers open; F0'', fluorescence intensity during relaxation analysis; ke and ku, rate constants of qE quenching and unknown quenching; IC, internal conversion; IS, intersystem crossing; kf,kisc and kd, rate constants of chlorophyll fluorescence, intersystem crossing and basal non-radiative decay; kfast and kslow, rate constants of fast- or slow-relaxing non-photochemical quenching; kNPkfid and kNPQ, rate constants of sum dissipation, basal dissipation and non-photochemical quenching; kpi and kp, rate constants of photochemistry under dark-adapted or light-adapted states; ksi and ks, rate constants of the sum de-excitation under dark-adapted or light-adapted states; LED, light-emitting diode; NPQ, a chlorophyll fluorescence parameter estimating the size of non-photochemical quenching relative to the size of basal dissipation; PAM, pulse amplitude modulation; {Phi}Fast and {Phi}Slow, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters approximating the quantum yields of qE quenching and unknown quenching; {Phi}ISC, a hypothetical chlorophyll fluorescence parameter estimating the quantum yield of intersystem crossing; {Phi}II, {Phi}NPQ and {Phi}NO, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters estimating the quantum yields of PSII photochemistry, non-photochemical quenching and basal dissipation; PPFD, photosynthetic photon flux density; qL and qP, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters estimating the fractions of PSII centers in open states based on the ‘lake model’ or ‘puddle model’ of PSII interactions; qPI, a chloro-phyll fluorescence parameter estimating the size of pho- to-chemistry after treatment relative to the size of photochemistry before treatment; qS, a chlorophyll fluorescence parameter estimating the size of the sum de-excitation under light-adapted states relative to the size of the sum de-excitation under dark-adapted states; qSlow, a chlorophyll fluorescence parameter estimating the size of slow-relaxing non-photochemical quenching relative to the size of basal dissipation; S, sensitivity factor; S fluctuation, the hypothetical fluctuation in the value of sensitivity factor during measurement or treatment.

(Received May 22, 2009; Accepted July 8, 2009)
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