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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on July 24, 2009
Plant and Cell Physiology 2009 50(9):1579-1586; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcp110
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved.
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Rapid Paper

Arabidopsis Bile Acid:Sodium Symporter Family Protein 5 is Involved in Methionine-Derived Glucosinolate Biosynthesis

Yuji Sawada1,2, Kiminori Toyooka1, Ayuko Kuwahara1,2, Akane Sakata1, Mutsumi Nagano1,2, Kazuki Saito1,3 and Masami Yokota Hirai1,2,*

1RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
2JST, CREST, 4-1-8 Hon-chou, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012 Japan
3Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8522 Japan

*Corresponding author: E-mail, myhirai{at}psc.riken.jp; Fax, +81-45-503-9489.


  Abstract

Glucosinolates (GSLs) are a group of plant secondary metabolites that have repellent activity against herbivore insects and pathogens, and anti-carcinogenic activity in humans. They are produced in plants of the Brassicaceae and other related families. Biosynthesis of GSLs from precursor amino acids takes place in two subcellular compartments; amino acid biosynthesis and side chain elongation occur mainly in the chloroplast, whereas the following core structure synthesis takes place in the cytosol. Although the genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes of GSLs are well known in Arabidopsis thaliana, the transporter genes responsible for translocation of biosynthetic intermediates between the chloroplast and cytosol are as yet unidentified. In this study, we identified the bile acid:sodium symporter family protein 5 (BASS5) gene in Arabidopsis as a candidate transporter gene involved in methionine-derived GSL (Met-GSL) biosynthesis by means of transcriptome co-expression analysis. Knocking out BASS5 resulted in a decrease of Met-GSLs and concomitant increase of methionine. A transient assay using fluorescence fusion proteins indicated a chloroplastic localization of BASS5. These results supported the idea that BASS5 plays a role in translocation across the chloroplast membranes of the biosynthetic intermediates of Met-GSLs.

Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana - Bile acid:sodium symporter family protein - Co-expression - Glucosinolate - Methionine chain elongation - Widely targeted metabolomics

Abbreviations: ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; BASS, bile acid:sodium symporter family protein; BCAT, branched-chain aminotransferase; cTP, chloroplast transit peptide; GSL, glucosinolate; MAAT, methionine analog aminotransferase; MAM, methylthioalkylmalate synthase; MAM-D, methylthioalkylmalate dehydrogenase; MAM-IL, a large subunit of methylthioalkylmalate isomerase; MAM-IS, a small subunit of methylthioalkylmalate isomerase; Met-GSL, Met-derived glucosinolate; MS, mass spectrometry; MTA, 5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine; RT–PCR, reverse transcription–PCR; SAM, S-adenosylmethionine; SMM, S-methylmethionine; UPLC, ultra performance liquid chromatography; YFP, yellow fluorescent protein.

(Received June 10, 2009; Accepted July 10, 2009)
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