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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on June 19, 2009
Plant and Cell Physiology 2009 50(8):1416-1424; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcp091
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Rapid Paper

d14, a Strigolactone-Insensitive Mutant of Rice, Shows an Accelerated Outgrowth of Tillers

Tomotsugu Arite1, Mikihisa Umehara2, Shinji Ishikawa3, Atsushi Hanada2, Masahiko Maekawa4, Shinjiro Yamaguchi2 and Junko Kyozuka3,*

1Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836 Japan
2RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
3Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
4Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan

*Corresponding author: E-mail, akyozuka{at}mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Fax, +81-3-5841-5087.


  Abstract

Recent studies using highly branched mutants of pea, Arabidopsis and rice have demonstrated that strigolactones, a group of terpenoid lactones, act as a new hormone class, or its biosynthetic precursors, in inhibiting shoot branching. Here, we provide evidence that DWARF14 (D14) inhibits rice tillering and may act as a new compo-nent of the strigolactone-dependent branching inhibition pathway. The d14 mutant exhibits increased shoot branch-ing with reduced plant height like the previously characterized strigolactone-deficient and -insensitive mutants d10 and d3, respectively. The d10-1 d14-1 double mutant is phenotypically indistinguishable from the d10-1 and d14-1 single mutants, consistent with the idea that D10 and D14 function in the same pathway. However, unlike with d10, the d14 branching phenotype could not be rescued by exogenous strigolactones. In addition, the d14 mutant contained a higher level of 2'-epi-5-deoxystrigol than the wild type. Positional cloning revealed that D14 encodes a protein of the {alpha}/β-fold hydrolase superfamily, some members of which play a role in metabolism or signaling of plant hormones. We propose that D14 functions downstream of strigolactone synthesis, as a component of hormone signaling or as an enzyme that participates in the conversion of strigolactones to the bioactive form.

Keywords: DWARF 14 - Hormone signaling - Rice - Shoot branching - Strigolactone

Abbreviations: BAC, bacterial artificial chromosome; CCD, carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase; dCAPS, derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence; epi-5DS, 2'-epi-5-deoxystrigol; GUS, β-glucuronidase; HLS, hormone-sensitive lipase; LC/MS-MS, liquid chromatography-quadruple/time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry; RT–PCR, reverse transcription–PCR; SA, salicylic acid; SABP2, salicylic acid-binding protein 2; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; SSR, simple sequence repeat; X-Gluc, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-glucuronide

(Received May 14, 2009; Accepted June 16, 2009)
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