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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on August 27, 2009
Plant and Cell Physiology 2009 50(10):1786-1800; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcp121
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Temporal Expression Patterns of Hormone Metabolism Genes during Imbibition of Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds: A Comparative Study on Dormant and Non-Dormant Accessions

Jeremy Preston1,5, Kiyoshi Tatematsu1,5,6, Yuri Kanno1, Tokunori Hobo2, Mitsuhiro Kimura3, Yusuke Jikumaru1, Ryoichi Yano1, Yuji Kamiya1 and Eiji Nambara1,3,4,*

1Growth Regulation Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
2Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
3Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
4The Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada

*Corresponding author: E-mail, eiji.nambara{at}utoronto.ca; Fax, +1-416-978-5878.


  Abstract

Seed imbibition is a prerequisite for subsequent dormancy and germination control. Here, we investigated imbibition responses of Arabidopsis seeds by transcriptomic and hormone profile analyses using dormant [Cape Verde Islands (Cvi)] and non-dormant [Columbia (Col)] accessions. Once imbibed, seeds of both accessions swelled most up to 3 h, reflecting water uptake. Microarray analysis showed that in both accessions, seeds imbibed for 15 min, 30 min and 1 h were less active in gene expression than at 3 h. More than 2,000 genes were either up-regulated or down-regulated in seeds imbibed for 3 h. Some genes up-regulated at 3 h were already induced in seeds imbibed for 1 h, suggestive of genome reprogramming early after the onset of imbibition. Imbibition-induced genes in seeds imbibed for 3 h included those up-regulated in both Col and Cvi (common) or unique to either accession (accession specific). Up-regulated genes that were both common and Cvi-specific were over-represented for sugar metabolism and the pentose phosphate pathway, whereas Col-specific genes were over-represented for ribosomal protein genes. Quantification of plant hormones showed that ABA and salicylic acid (SA) contents were higher, but gibberellin A4 (GA4), N6-({Delta}2-isopentenyl)adenine (iP), jasmonic acid (JA), JA–isoleucine (JA-Ile) and IAA were lower in imbibed seeds of Cvi compared with Col. In addition, changes in IAA and JA were initiated before 1 h, whereas ABA and JA-Ile declined 3 h after the onset of imbibition. An increase in GA4 and iP appeared to be correlated temporally with the initiation of secondary water uptake, which marks the completion of germination.

Keywords: Arabidopsis - Gene expression - Hormone metabolism - Microarray - Seed imbibition

Abbreviations: Col, Columbia; Cvi, Cape Verde Islands; GA, ; 4, gibberellin A4; GO, gene ontology; IAM, indole-3-acetamide; IAOx, indole-3-acetaldoxime; iP, N6-({Delta}2-isopentenyl)adenine; IPA, indole-3-pyruvic acid; JA, jasmonic acid; LC-ESI-MS/MS, liquid chromatography–electron spray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry; NCED, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxyge-nase; RT–PCR, reverse transcription–PCR; SA, salicylic acid; SID2, SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION-DEFICIENT 2; TAM, tryptamine; UGT, glucosyltransferase.

5These authors contributed equally to this work.

6Present address: Laboratory of Plant Organ Development, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444–8585 Japan

(Received August 13, 2009; Accepted August 20, 2009)
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