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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on June 4, 2008
Plant and Cell Physiology 2008 49(7):1066-1073; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcn083
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

NDF6: A Thylakoid Protein Specific to Terrestrial Plants is Essential for Activity of Chloroplastic NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis

Noriko Ishikawa1, Atsushi Takabayashi2, Satoshi Ishida1, Yasushi Hano1, Tsuyoshi Endo1,* and Fumihiko Sato1

1 Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
2 Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602 Japan

*Corresponding author: E-mail, tuendo{at}kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp; Fax, +81-75-753-6398.


  Abstract

NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) is a homolog of respiratory complex I and mediates one of the two pathways of cyclic electron flow around PSI (CEF I). Although 15 ndh subunits have been identified in the chloroplastic and nuclear genomes of higher plants, no electron accepter subunits have been identified to date. To identify the missing chloroplastic NDH subunits, we undertook an in silico approach based on co-expression analysis. In this report, we characterized the novel gene NDF6 (NDH-dependent flow 6; At1g18730) which encodes a protein that is essential for NDH activity. NDF6 has one transmembrane domain and is localized in the thylakoid membrane fraction. Homologous proteins of NDF6 were identified in the genomes of terrestrial plants; however, no homologs have been found in cyanobacteria, which are thought to be the origin of chloroplasts and have a minimal NDH complex unit. NDF6 is unstable in ndhB-impaired or disrupted mutants of higher plants in which the chloroplastic NDH complex is thought to be degraded. These results suggest that NDF6 is a novel subunit of chloroplastic NDH that was added to terrestrial plants during evolution.

Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana - Co-expression - Cyclic electron flow around PSI - NAD(P)H dehydrogenase - Terrestrial plants

Abbreviations: AL, actinic light; BSA, bovine serum albumin; CEF I, cyclic electron flow around PSI; Cytb6, cytochrome b6; FQR, ferredoxin–plastoquinone reductase; IPTG, isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside; ML, measuring light; NDF, NDH-dependent flow; NDH, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase; NPQ, non-photochemical quenching; PAM, pulse amplitude modulation; PPR, pentatricopeptide repeat; RbcL, Rubisco large subunit; RT–PCR, reverse transcription–PCR; TAIR, The Arabidopsis Information Resource.

(Received May 13, 2008; Accepted May 27, 2008)
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