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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on February 28, 2008
Plant and Cell Physiology 2008 49(4):633-640; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcn036
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved.
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and the Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

DCW11, Down-Regulated Gene 11 in CW-Type Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Rice, Encoding Mitochondrial Protein Phosphatase 2C is Related to Cytoplasmic Male Sterility

Sota Fujii and Kinya Toriyama*

Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan

*Corresponding author: E-mail, torikin{at}bios.tohoku.ac.jp; Fax, +81-22-717-8834.


  Abstract

Causes of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in plants have been studied for two decades, and mitochondrial chimeric genes have been predicted to induce CMS. However, it is unclear what happens after CMS-associated proteins accumulate in mitochondria. In our previous study of microarray analysis, we found that 140 genes are aberrantly regulated in anthers of CW-type CMS of rice (Oryza sativa L.). In the present study, we investigated DCW11, one of the down-regulated genes in CW-CMS encoding a protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C). DCW11 mRNA was preferentially expressed in anthers, with the highest expression in mature pollen. As predicted by the N-terminal sequence, DCW11 signal peptide–green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein was localized in mitochondria. Knockdown of DCW11 in wild-type rice by RNA interference caused a major loss of seed-set fertility, without visible defect in pollen development. Since this knockdown phenotype resembled that of CW-CMS, we concluded that the down-regulation of DCW11 is correlated with CW-CMS. This idea was supported by the up-regulation of alternative oxidase 1a (AOX1a), which is known to be regulated by mitochondrial retrograde signaling, in DCW11 knockdown lines. Down-regulation of DCW11 and up-regulation of AOX1a were also observed in two other types of rice CMS. Our result indicates that DCW11 could play a role as a mitochondrial signal transduction mediator in pollen germination.

Keywords: Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) - Mitochondrial retrograde signaling - Oryza sativa - Protein phosphatase 2C

Abbreviations: AOX, alternative oxidase; CaMV, cauliflower mosaic virus; CMS, cytoplasmic male sterility; DCW, down-regulated in CW-CMS; GFP, green fluorescent protein; PP2C, protein phosphatase 2C; PPR, pentatricopeptide repeat; RNAi, RNA interference; RT–PCR, reverse transcription–PCR; UTR, untranslated region.

(Received December 10, 2007; Accepted February 25, 2008)
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