Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on January 17, 2008
Plant and Cell Physiology 2008 49(3):334-344; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcn011
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molecular and Functional Profiling of Arabidopsis Pathogenesis-Related Genes: Insights into Their Roles in Salt Response of Seed Germination
1Molecular Signaling Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
2School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China
*Corresponding author: E-mail, cmpark{at}snu.ac.kr; Fax, +82-2-886-6697.
 |
Abstract |
|---|
Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are a group of heterogeneous proteins encoded by genes that are rapidly induced by pathogenic infections and by salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET). They are widely used as molecular markers for resistance response to pathogens and systemic acquired response (SAR). However, recent studies have shown that the PR genes are also regulated by environmental factors, including light and abiotic stresses, and by developmental cues, suggesting that they also play a role in certain stress responses and developmental processes. In this work, we systematically examined the expression patterns of Arabidopsis PR genes. We also investigated the effects of environmental stresses and growth hormones on the expression of PR genes. We found that individual PR genes are temporally and spatially regulated in distinct patterns. In addition, they are differentially regulated by plant growth hormones, including SA, ABA, JA, ET and brassinosteroid (BR), and by diverse abiotic stresses, supporting the contention that the PR proteins play a role in plant developmental processes other than disease resistance response. Interestingly, PR-3 was induced significantly by high salt in an ABA-dependent manner. Consistent with this, a T-DNA insertional knockout plant with disruption of the PR-3 gene showed a significantly reduced rate of seed germination in the presence of high salt. It is thus proposed that PR-3 mediates ABA-dependent salt stress signals that affect seed germination in Arabidopsis. PR-4 and PR-5 also contributed to salt regulation of seed germination, although their effects were not as evident as those of PR-3.
Keywords: ABA - Abiotic stress - Pathogenesis-related (PR) - Seed germination
Abbreviations: ABRC, Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center; ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; BA, benzyladenine; BL, brassinolide; BR, brassinosteroid; CaMV, cauliflower mosaic virus; ET, ethylene; JA, jasmonic acid; LD, long day; mJA, methyl jasmonate; NASC, Nottingham Arabidopsis stock centre; PR, pathogenesis-related; RT–PCR, reverse transcription–PCR; SA, salicylic acid; SAR, systemic acquired resistance.
(Received December 5, 2007; Accepted January 15, 2008)
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  A. Alonso-Ramirez, D. Rodriguez, D. Reyes, J. A. Jimenez, G. Nicolas, M. Lopez-Climent, A. Gomez-Cadenas, and C. Nicolas Evidence for a Role of Gibberellins in Salicylic Acid-Modulated Early Plant Responses to Abiotic Stress in Arabidopsis Seeds Plant Physiology, July 1, 2009; 150(3): 1335 - 1344. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Almagro, L. V. Gomez Ros, S. Belchi-Navarro, R. Bru, A. Ros Barcelo, and M. A. Pedreno Class III peroxidases in plant defence reactions J. Exp. Bot., February 1, 2009; 60(2): 377 - 390. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|