Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on January 17, 2008
Plant and Cell Physiology 2008 49(3):291-300; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcn010
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The FLOWERING LOCUS T/TERMINAL FLOWER 1 Family in Lombardy Poplar
1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Tsukuba, 305-8687 Japan
2Department of Apple Research, National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Morioka, 020-0123 Japan
*Corresponding author: E-mail, iga{at}ffpri.affrc.go.jp; Fax, +81-29-873-0507.
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Abstract |
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Genes in the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) family have been shown to be important in the control of the switch between vegetative and reproductive growth in several plant species. We isolated nine members of the FT/TFL1 family from Lombardy poplar (Populus nigra var. italica Koehne). Sequence analysis of the members of the FT/TFL1 family revealed considerable homology within their coding regions both among family members and to the members of the same family in Arabidopsis, tomato and grapevine. Moreover, members of this family in all four species examined display a common exon–intron organization. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the genes fall into four different clades: two into the TFL1 clade; five into the FT clade; and one each into the MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 and BROTHER OF FT AND TFL1 clades. One gene in the TFL1 clade, PnTFL1, is expressed in vegetative meristems, and transgenic Arabidopsis that ectopically expressed PnTFL1 had a late-flowering phenotype. The expression patterns of two genes in the FT clade, PnFT1 and PnFT2, suggested a role for them in the promotion of flowering, and transgenic Arabidopsis that ectopically expressed either PnFT1 or PnFT2 had an early-flowering phenotype.
Keywords: Flowering control - FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) - Poplar - Populus nigra - TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1)
Abbreviations: BFT, BROTHER OF FT AND TFL1; EST, expressed sequence tag; FT, FLOWERING LOCUS T; LD, long day; MFT, MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1; N-J, Neighbor-Joining; ORF, open reading frame; PAR, photosynthetically active radiation; P35S, cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter; PnFTL, Populus nigra FT/TFL1-like; RACE-PCR, rapid amplification of cDNA ends-PCR; RT–PCR, reverse transcription–PCR; TFL1, TERMINAL FLOWER 1
(Received December 4, 2007; Accepted January 11, 2008)
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