Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on October 13, 2008
Plant and Cell Physiology 2008 49(11):1659-1671; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcn153
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Divergence of Evolutionary Ways Among Common sym Genes: CASTOR and CCaMK Show Functional Conservation Between Two Symbiosis Systems and Constitute the Root of a Common Signaling Pathway
1 Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602 Japan
2 Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
3 Division of Genome and Biodiversity Research, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
*Corresponding author: E-mail, onko{at}nias.affrc.go.jp; Fax, +81-29-838-7417.
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Abstract |
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In recent years a number of legume genes involved in root nodule (RN) symbiosis have been identified in the model legumes, Lotus japonicus (Lotus) and Medicago truncatula. Among them, a distinct set of genes has been categorized as a common symbiosis pathway (CSP), because they are also essential for another mutual interaction, the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis, which is evolutionarily older than the RN symbiosis and is widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Based on the concept that the legume RN symbiosis has evolved from the ancient AM symbiosis, one issue is whether the CSP is functionally conserved between non-nodulating plants, such as rice, and nodulating legumes. We identified three rice CSP gene orthologs, OsCASTOR, OsPOLLUX and OsCCaMK, and demonstrated the indispensable roles of OsPOLLUX and OsCCaMK in rice AM symbiosis. Interestingly, molecular transfection of either OsCASTOR or OsCCaMK could fully complement symbiosis defects in the corresponding Lotus mutant lines for both the AM and RN symbioses. Our results not only provide a conserved genetic basis for the AM symbiosis between rice and Lotus, but also indicate that the core of the CSP has been well conserved during the evolution of RN symbiosis. Through evolution, CASTOR and CCaMK have remained as the molecular basis for the maintenance of CSP functions in the two symbiosis systems.
Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis - Common symbiosis pathway - Lotus japonicus - Oryza sativa - Root nodule symbiosis - Rice
Abbreviations: AM, arbuscular mycorrhiza; CaM, calmodulin; CaMV, cauliflower mosaic virus; CCaMK, Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase; CSP, common symbiosis pathway; DsRed, Discoma sp. red fluorescent protein; Ljcastor, L. japonicus castor-4; Ljccamk, L. japonicus ccamk-3; Ljpollux, L. japonicus pollux-3; Ljsymrk, L. japonicus symrk-10; LjCASTOR, L. japonicus CASTOR; LjCCaMK, L. japonicus CCaMK; LjPOLLUX, L. japonicus POLLUX; Mtdmi3, Medicago truncatula dmi3; OsCASTOR, rice CASTOR; OsCCaMK, rice CCaMK; OsPOLLUX, rice POLLUX; OsSYMRK, rice SYMRK; RN symbiosis, root nodule symbiosis; TM, transmembrane; wpi, weeks post-inoculation.
(Received September 28, 2008; Accepted October 9, 2008)
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