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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on August 20, 2008
Plant and Cell Physiology 2008 49(10):1522-1535; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcn120
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

The Glycerophosphoryl Diester Phosphodiesterase-Like Proteins SHV3 and its Homologs Play Important Roles in Cell Wall Organization

Shimpei Hayashi1,2, Tadashi Ishii3, Toshiro Matsunaga4, Rumi Tominaga2, Takashi Kuromori2, Takuji Wada2, Kazuo Shinozaki2 and Takashi Hirayama1,5,*

1 International Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
2 RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
3 Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687 Japan
4 National Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8666 Japan
5 RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan

*Corresponding author: E-mail, takashih{at}riken.jp; Fax, +81-45-508-7363.


  Abstract

Despite the importance of extracellular events in cell wall organization and biogenesis, the mechanisms and related factors are largely unknown. We isolated an allele of the shaven3 (shv3) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, which exhibits ruptured root hair cells during tip growth. SHV3 encodes a novel protein with two tandemly repeated glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase-like domains and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, and several of its paralogs are found in Arabidopsis. Here, we report the detailed characterization of mutants of SHV3 and one of its paralogs, SVL1. The shv3 and svl1 double mutant exhibited additional defects, including swollen guard cells, aberrant expansion of the hypocotyl epidermis and ectopic lignin deposits, suggesting decreased rigidity of the cell wall. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and measurement of the cell wall components indicated an altered cellulose content and pectin modification with cross-linking in the double mutant. Furthermore, we found that the ruptured root hair phenotype of shv3 was suppressed by increasing the amount of borate, which is supposed to be involved in pectic polysaccharide cross-linking, in the medium. These findings indicate that SHV3 and its paralogs are novel important factors involved in primary cell wall organization.

Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana - Cell wall - Cellulose - GPI-anchored protein - Pectin - Root hair

Abbreviations: AIR, alcohol-insoluble residue; AVG, 1-aminoethoxyvinyl glycine; CaMV, cauliflower mosaic virus; FTIR, Fourier-transform infrared; GFP, green fluorescent protein; GPD, glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase; GPDL, GPD-like; GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol; GUS, β-glucuronidase; PC, principal component; RG-II, rhamnogalacturonan-II; RT–PCR, reverse transcription–PCR; SHV3, SHAVEN3; SVL, SHV3-like.

(Received June 6, 2008; Accepted August 15, 2008)
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