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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on November 29, 2007
Plant and Cell Physiology 2008 49(1):40-46; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcm163
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Calcium Efflux as a Component of the Hypersensitive Response of Nicotiana benthamiana to Pseudomonas syringae

Lev G. Nemchinov1,*, Lana Shabala2 and Sergey Shabala2,*

1USDA/ARS, Plant Sciences Institute, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
2School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia

*Corresponding authors: Lev Nemchinov, E-mail, Lev.Nemchinov{at}ars.usda.gov; Fax, +1-301-504-5449; Sergey Shabala, E-mail, Sergey.Shabala{at}utas.edu.au; Fax, +61-3-6226-2642.


  Abstract

Using a model plant Nicotiana benthamiana, we have demonstrated that initial calcium uptake in response to the HR (hypersensitive response)-causing pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae 61 is followed by net calcium efflux initiated at about 12 h after the bacterial challenge and sustained for at least 48 h. Our data suggest that calcium not only acts as an important second messenger in the activation of resistance responses but may also be a downstream mediator of later cell death acceleration and completion of the defense reaction. Accordingly, we propose that the existing model of HR should be amended to include a PM Ca2+ ATP pump as an important component of the HR to pathogens in plants.

Keywords: Calcium efflux - Hypersensitive response - Pseudomonas syringae

Abbreviations: Avr, avirulence factor; CPA, cyclopiazonic acid; HR, hypersensitive response; MIFE, microelectrode ion flux estimation; PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular pattern; PM, plasma membrane.

(Received October 11, 2007; Accepted November 19, 2007)
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