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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on August 10, 2007
Plant and Cell Physiology 2007 48(9):1319-1330; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcm100
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

ABA Regulates Apoplastic Sugar Transport and is a Potential Signal for Cold-Induced Pollen Sterility in Rice

Sandra N. Oliver1,2,3, Elizabeth S. Dennis1 and Rudy Dolferus1,*

1CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
2Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia

*Corresponding author: E-mail, rudy.dolferus{at}csiro.au; Fax, +61-2-62465000.


  Abstract

Cold temperatures cause pollen sterility and large reductions in grain yield in temperate rice growing regions of the world. Induction of pollen sterility by cold involves a disruption of sugar transport in anthers, caused by the cold-induced repression of the apoplastic sugar transport pathway in the tapetum. Here we demonstrate that the phytohormone ABA is a potential signal for cold-induced pollen sterility (CIPS). Cold treatment of the cold-sensitive cultivar Doongara resulted in increased anther ABA levels. Exogenous ABA treatment at the young microspore stage induced pollen sterility and affected cell wall invertase and monosaccharide transporter gene expression in a way similar to cold treatment. In the cold-tolerant cultivar R31, ABA levels were significantly lower under normal circumstances and remained low after cold treatment. The differences in endogenous ABA levels in Doongara and R31 correlated with differences in expression of the ABA biosynthetic genes encoding zeaxanthin epoxidase (OSZEP1) and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (OSNCED2, OSNCED3) in anthers. The expression of three ABA-8-hydroxylase genes (ABA8OX1, 2 and 3) in R31 anthers was higher under control conditions and was regulated differently by cold compared with Doongara. Our results indicate that the cold tolerance phenotype of R31 is correlated with lower endogenous ABA levels and a different regulation of ABA metabolism.

Keywords: Abscisic acid — Cold — Gene expression — Pollen sterility — Rice — Tapetum

Abbreviations: ABA8OX, ABA-8'-hydroxylase; AD, auricle distance; CIPS, cold-induced pollen sterility; EB, early bicellular; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; NCED, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase; RT–PCR, reverse transcription–PCR; YM, young microspore; ZEP, zeaxanthin epoxidase.

3Present address: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Golm, Germany.

(Received June 18, 2007; Accepted July 30, 2007)
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