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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on June 14, 2007
Plant and Cell Physiology 2007 48(8):1229-1235; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcm077
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Short Communication

Aluminum-Induced Ethylene Production is Associated with Inhibition of Root Elongation in Lotus japonicus L.

Pei Sun1,2,3, Qiu-Ying Tian2,3, Min-Gui Zhao2, Xiao-Yan Dai2, Jian-Hui Huang2, Ling-Hao Li2 and Wen-Hao Zhang2,*

1South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
2Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China

*Corresponding author: E-mail, whzhang{at}ibcas.ac.cn; Fax, +86-10-6259-2430.


  Abstract

Inhibition of root elongation by toxic aluminum (Al3+) occurs rapidly and is one of the most distinct and earliest symptoms of Al toxicity. To elucidate mechanism underlying Al3+-induced inhibition of root elongation, we investigated the involvement of ethylene in Al3+-induced inhibition of root elongation using the legume model plants Lotus japonicus and Medicago truncatula. Root elongation of L. japonicus and M. truncatula was rapidly inhibited by exposure to AlCl3. A similar rapid inhibition of root elongation by the ethylene-releasing substance, ethephon, and the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), was also observed. The Al3+-induced inhibition of root elongation was substantially ameliorated in the presence of antagonists of ethylene biosynthesis [Co2+ and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)]. Al3+ increased the activity of ACC oxidase (ACO), and induced a rapid evolution of ethylene from root apices and expression of genes of ACC synthase (ACS) and ACO. These findings suggest that induction of ethylene evolution resulting from up-regulation of ACS and ACO plays a critical role in Al3+-induced inhibition of root elongation.

Keywords: Aluminum toxicity - Ethylene production - Lotus japonicus - Medicago truncatula - Root elongation

Abbreviations: ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; ACO, ACC oxidase; ACS, ACC synthase; AVG, aminoethoxyvinylglycine; PVPP, polyvinyl polypyrrolidone; RT–PCR, reverse transcription–PCR

3These authors contributed equally to this work.

(Received April 29, 2007; Accepted June 12, 2007)
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