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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on June 4, 2007
Plant and Cell Physiology 2007 48(7):948-957; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcm064
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Expression of the Algal Cytochrome c6 Gene in Arabidopsis Enhances Photosynthesis and Growth

Hirotaka Chida1, Aiko Nakazawa1, Hideharu Akazaki1, Takako Hirano1, Kohei Suruga1, Masahiro Ogawa1, Tadashi Satoh1, Kazunari Kadokura1, Seiji Yamada1, Wataru Hakamata1, Katsunori Isobe2, Tei-ichiro Ito1, Ryuichi Ishii2, Toshiyuki Nishio1, Kintake Sonoike3 and Tadatake Oku1,*

1Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 252-8510 Japan
2Laboratory of Crop Science, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 252-8510 Japan
3Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Box 101, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8562 Japan

*Corresponding author: E-mail, oku{at}brs.nihon-u.ac.jp; Fax, +81-466-84-3950.


  Abstract

Photosynthetic plants convert light energy into ATP and NADPH in photosynthetic electron transfer and photophosphorylation, and synthesize mainly carbohydrates in the Calvin–Benson cycle. Here we report the enhancement of photosynthesis and growth of plants by introducing the gene of an algal cytochrome c6, which has been evolutionarily eliminated from higher plant chloroplasts, into the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. At 60 d after planting, the plant height, leaf length and root length of the transformants were 1.3-, 1.1- and 1.3-fold those in the wild-type plants, respectively. At the same time, in the transgenic plants, the amounts of chlorophyll, protein, ATP, NADPH and starch were 1.2-, 1.1-, 1.9-, 1.4- and 1.2-fold those in the wild-type plants, respectively. The CO2 assimilation capacity of the transgenic plants was 1.3-fold that of the wild type. Moreover, in transgenic Arabidopsis expressing algal cytochrome c6, the 1 – qP, which reflects the reduced state of the plastoquinone pool, is 30% decreased compared with the wild type. These results show that the electron transfer of photosynthesis of Arabidopsis would be accelerated by the expression of algal cytochrome c6. Our results demonstrate that the growth and photosynthesis of Arabidopsis plants could be enhanced by the expression of the algal cytochrome c6 gene.

Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana - Cytochrome c6 - Electron transport - Photosynthesis - Transgenic plant

Abbreviations: Cyt, cytochrome; PAM, pulse amplitude-modulated; PC, plastocyanin; RT–PCR, reverse transcription–PCR; TAIL-PCR, thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR.

(Received March 7, 2007; Accepted May 15, 2007)
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