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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on April 26, 2007
Plant and Cell Physiology 2007 48(6):804-811; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcm048
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

A Grape Berry (Vitis vinifera L.) Cation/Proton Antiporter is Associated with Berry Ripening

Mohsen Hanana1,2, Olivier Cagnac2, Toshio Yamaguchi2, Saïd Hamdi3, Abdelwahed Ghorbel1 and Eduardo Blumwald2,*

1Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire de la Vigne, INRST, BP 901, Hammam-lif 2050, Tunisia
2Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
3Laboratoire de Génomique Fonctionnelle et de la Qualité de la Baie de Raisin, Université de Bordeaux 1, 71 Av. Edouard Bourleaux, BP 81, 33883Bordeaux, France

*Corresponding author: E-mail, eblumwald{at}ucdavis.edu; Fax, +1-530-752-2278.


  Abstract

We have cloned and characterized VvNHX1, a gene encoding a vacuolar cation/H+ antiporter from Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. VvNHX1 belongs to the vacuolar NHX protein family and showed high similarity to other known vacuolar antiporters. The expression of VvNHX1 partially complements the salt- and hygromycin-sensitive phenotypes of an ena1-4 nhx1 yeast strain. Immunoblots of vacuoles of yeast expressing a VvNHX1, together with the expression of a VvNHX1–GFP (green fluorescent protein) chimera demonstrated that VvNHX1 localized to the vacuoles. VvNHX1 displayed low affinity K+/H+ and Na+/H+ exchange activities (12.8 and 40.2 mM, respectively). The high levels of expression of VvNHX1 during the véraison and post-véraison stages would indicate that the increase in vacuolar K+ accumulation, mediated by VvNHX1, is needed for vacuolar expansion. This process, together with the rapid accumulation of reducing sugars, would drive water uptake to the berry and the concomitant berry size increase, typical of the post-véraison stage of growth.

Keywords: Cation/H+ antiporter - Grape berry — NHX - Vacuole - Véraison - Vitis vinifera

Abbreviations: EST, expressed sequence tag; GFP, green fluorescent protein; ORF, open reading frame; RT–PCR, reverse transcription–PCR

(Received March 13, 2007; Accepted April 19, 2007)
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