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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on January 6, 2007
Plant and Cell Physiology 2007 48(2):287-298; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcm003
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Ethylene Promotes Submergence-Induced Expression of OsABA8ox1, a Gene that Encodes ABA 8'-Hydroxylase in Rice{dagger}

Hiroaki Saika1,5, Masanori Okamoto2,3, Kentaro Miyoshi1, Tetsuo Kushiro2,6, Shoko Shinoda2, Yusuke Jikumaru2, Masaru Fujimoto1, Taku Arikawa1, Hirokazu Takahashi1, Miho Ando1, Shin-ichi Arimura1, Akio Miyao4, Hirohiko Hirochika4, Yuji Kamiya2, Nobuhiro Tsutsumi1, Eiji Nambara2 and Mikio Nakazono1,*

1Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
2Growth Regulation Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
3Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397 Japan
4National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602 Japan

*Corresponding author: E-mail, anakazo{at}mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Fax, +81-3-5841-5183.


  Abstract

A rapid decrease of the plant hormone ABA under submergence is thought to be a prerequisite for the enhanced elongation of submerged shoots of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Here, we report that the level of phaseic acid (PA), an oxidized form of ABA, increased with decreasing ABA level during submergence. The oxidation of ABA to PA is catalyzed by ABA 8'-hydroxylase, which is possibly encoded by three genes (OsABA8ox1, -2 and -3) in rice. The ABA 8'-hydroxylase activity was confirmed in microsomes from yeast expressing OsABA8ox1. OsABA8ox1–green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein in onion cells was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. The mRNA level of OsABA8ox1, but not the mRNA levels of other OsABA8ox genes, increased dramatically within 1 h after submergence. On the other hand, the mRNA levels of genes involved in ABA biosynthesis (OsZEP and OsNCEDs) decreased after 1–2 h of submergence. Treatment of aerobic seedlings with ethylene and its precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), rapidly induced the expression of OsABA8ox1, but the ethylene treatment did not strongly affect the expression of ABA biosynthetic genes. Moreover, pre-treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), a potent inhibitor of ethylene action, partially suppressed induction of OsABA8ox1 expression under submergence. The ABA level was found to be negatively correlated with OsABA8ox1 expression under ACC or 1-MCP treatment. Together, these results indicate that the rapid decrease in ABA levels in submerged rice shoots is controlled partly by ethylene-induced expression of OsABA8ox1 and partly by ethylene-independent suppression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of ABA.

Keywords: ABA 8'-hydroxylase - Ethylene - Rice - Submergence

Abbreviations: BA, 6-benzylaminopurine; ABA-GE, ABA glucose ester; ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate; DPA, dihydrophaseic acid; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; GFP, green fluorescent protein; LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry; 1-MCP, 1-methylcyclopropene; NCED, nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase; PA, phaseic acid; qRT–PCR quantitative reverse transcription–PCR; ZEP, zeaxanthin epoxidase

{dagger} We dedicate this paper to the memory of Dr. Hans Kende.

5 Present address: National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602 Japan.

6 Present address: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan.

(Received October 16, 2006; Accepted December 24, 2006)
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