Skip Navigation


Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on December 19, 2006
Plant and Cell Physiology 2007 48(2):243-251; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcl060
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow An erratum has been published
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
48/2/243    most recent
pcl060v2
pcl060v1
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Search for citing articles in:
ISI Web of Science (3)
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Shoji, K.
Right arrow Articles by Yoshida, K.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Shoji, K.
Right arrow Articles by Yoshida, K.
Agricola
Right arrow Articles by Shoji, K.
Right arrow Articles by Yoshida, K.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Perianth Bottom-Specific Blue Color Development in Tulip cv. Murasakizuisho Requires Ferric Ions

Kazuaki Shoji1,*, Naoko Miki2, Noriyuki Nakajima3, Kazumi Momonoi1,2, Chiharu Kato1 and Kumi Yoshida2,*

1Agricultural Experiment Station, Toyama Agricultural Research Center, Yoshioka, Toyama, 939-8153 Japan
2Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
3Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, Kurokawa, Imizu, 939-0398 Japan

*Corresponding authors: Kazuaki Shoji, E-mail, shoji{at}agri.pref.toyama.jp; Fax, +81-76-429-2701; Kumi Yoshida, E-mail, yoshidak{at}is.nagoya-u.ac.jp; Fax, +81-52-789-5638.


  Abstract

The entire flower of Tulipa gesneriana cv. Murasakizuisho is purple, except the bottom, which is blue. To elucidate the mechanism of the different color development in the same petal, we prepared protoplasts from the purple and blue epidermal regions and measured the flavonoid composition by HPLC, the vacuolar pH by a proton-selective microelectrode, and element contents by the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) method. Chemical analyses revealed that the anthocyanin and flavonol compositions in both purple and blue colored protoplasts were the same; delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside (1) and major three flavonol glycosides, manghaslin (2), rutin (3) and mauritianin (4). The vacuolar pH values of the purple and blue protoplasts were 5.5 and 5.6, respectively, without any significant difference. However, the Fe3+ content in the blue protoplast was ~9.5 mM, which was 25 times higher than that in the purple protoplasts. We could reproduce the purple solution by mixing 1 with two equimolar concentrations of flavonol with {lambda}vismax = 539 nm, which was identical to that of the purple protoplasts. Furthermore, addition of Fe3+ to the mixture of 1–4 gave the blue solution with {lambda}vismax = 615 nm identical to that of the blue protoplasts. We have established that Fe3+ is essential for blue color development in the tulip.

Keywords: Anthocyanin - Blue color - Ferric ion - Protoplast - Tulip - Vacuolar pH

Abbreviations: CH3CN, acetonitrile; Cy, cyanidin; DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide; Dp, delphinidin; Em, membrane potential; ICP, inductively coupled plasma; LMCT, ligand to metal charge transfer; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; MES, 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid; Pg, pelargonidin; TFA, trifluoroacetic acid

(Received November 7, 2006; Accepted December 12, 2006)
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Plant Cell PhysiolHome page
Y. Katsumoto, M. Fukuchi-Mizutani, Y. Fukui, F. Brugliera, T. A. Holton, M. Karan, N. Nakamura, K. Yonekura-Sakakibara, J. Togami, A. Pigeaire, et al.
Engineering of the Rose Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway Successfully Generated Blue-Hued Flowers Accumulating Delphinidin
Plant Cell Physiol., November 1, 2007; 48(11): 1589 - 1600.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Disclaimer:
Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.