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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on September 12, 2007
Plant and Cell Physiology 2007 48(10):1509-1513; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcm117
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Short Communication

Contribution of Anaphase B to Chromosome Separation in Higher Plant Cells Estimated by Image Processing

Tomomi Hayashi1,3, Toshio Sano1,3, Natsumaro Kutsuna1, Fumi Kumagai-Sano2 and Seiichiro Hasezawa1,*

1Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562 Japan
2Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Gunma University, Aramaki-cho 4-2, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8510 Japan

*Corresponding author: E-mail, hasezawa{at}k.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Fax, +81-4-7136-3706.


  Abstract

Anaphase can be categorized into the two subphases of anaphase A and B, but anaphase B has not been clearly described in higher plant cells. In this study, we time-sequentially followed the dynamics of chromosome segregation and spindle elongation in tobacco BY-2 cells using histone–red fluorescent protein (RFP) and green fluorescent protein (GFP)–tubulin, respectively. Construction of kymographs and determination of the positions of chromosomes and spindle edges by image processing revealed that anaphase B contributed to about 40% of the chromosome separation in distance, which is comparable with that in animal cells. These results suggest that higher plant cells potentially possess the process of anaphase B.

Keywords: Anaphase - Fluorescent proteins - Image processing

Abbreviations: GFP, green fluorescent protein; GTHR, GFP–tubulin–histone–RFP; MT, microtubule; SD-CLSM, spinning disc-confocal laser scanning microscope; RFP, red fluorescent protein; tdTomato, tandem-dimer Tomato.

3These authors contributed equally to this work.

(Received June 22, 2007; Accepted August 29, 2007)
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