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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on August 24, 2007
Plant and Cell Physiology 2007 48(10):1450-1461; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcm113
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Floral Development of an Asexual and Female-Like Mutant Carrying Two Deletions in Gynoecium-Suppressing and Stamen-Promoting Functional Regions on the Y Chromosome of the Dioecious Plant Silene latifolia

Ayako Koizumi1, Yasuhito Amanai1, Kotaro Ishii1, Kiyoshi Nishihara1, Yusuke Kazama1,2, Wakana Uchida1,3 and Shigeyuki Kawano1,*

1Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, FSB-601, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562 Japan

*Corresponding author: E-mail, kawano{at}k.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Fax, +81-4-7136-3674


  Abstract

Sexual dimorphism is controlled by genes on the Y chromosome in the dioecious plant Silene latifolia. K034 is the first mutant with female flowers and asexual flowers in one individual. Its stamens are suppressed completely, and its gynoecium exhibits two suppression patterns. One gynoecium resembles a thin rod, as in wild-type males (asexual flower); the other is imperfectly suppressed, having 1–3 carpels (female-like flower). The ratio of these patterns was 9 : 1. To exclude the possibility of chimerism in K034, we crossed a female-like flower of K034 with a wild-type male. Progeny obtained from this crossing had asexual and female-like flowers in one individual. This two-flower-type phenotype was inherited without separating. To examine the identity of flower organs in K034, we analyzed the development of asexual and female-like flowers using scanning electron microscopy and in situ hybridization with SLM1 and SLM2 (orthologs of AGAMOUS and PISTILLATA, respectively) as probes. Mitotic spreads of root tip chromosomes from hairy root cultures showed that K034 had 25 chromosomes. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis, using a subtelomeric repetitive sequence (KpnI subfamily) as a probe, indicated that K034 possessed two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome (Yd), of which Yd had been rearranged to lose the pseudoautosomal region (PAR). PCR analysis using Y-specific sequence-tagged site (STS) markers clarified that Yd of K034 had two other deletions in gynoecium-suppressing and stamen-promoting regions. It is reasonable to suggest that these sex chromosomal abnormalities resulted in two abnormal sexual phenotypes: the asexual and imperfect female (female-like) flowers in K034.

Keywords: Silene latifolia - dioecious plant - floral development - asexual flower - female-like flower - Y chromosome

Abbreviations: AFLP, amplified fragment length polymorphism; DAPI, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DIG, digoxigenin; FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization; GSF region, gynoecium-suppressing functional region; MFF region, male fertility functional region; PAR, pseudoautosomal region; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; SPF region, stamen-promoting functional region; STS, sequence-tagged site

2Present address: Nishina Center, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan

3Present address: Molecular Membrane Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan

(Received July 7, 2007; Accepted August 22, 2007)
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