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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on December 13, 2006
Plant and Cell Physiology 2007 48(1):147-158; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcl046
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Cellulose Synthesis is Required for Deposition of Reticulate Wall Ingrowths in Transfer Cells

Mark J. Talbot1,3, Geoffrey O. Wasteneys2,4, Christina E. Offler1 and David W. McCurdy1,*

1School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
2Plant Cell Biology Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia

*Corresponding author: E-mail, David.McCurdy{at}newcastle.edu.au; Fax, +61-2-49-21-6923.


  Abstract

Despite the recognized physiological importance of transfer cells, little is known about how these specialized cells achieve localized deposition of cell wall material, leading to amplification of plasma membrane surface area and enhanced membrane transport capacity. This study establishes that cellulose synthesis is a key early factor in the construction of ‘reticulate’ wall ingrowths, an elaborate but common form of localized wall deposition characteristic of most transfer cells. Using field emission scanning electron microscopy, wall ingrowths were first visible in epidermal transfer cells of Faba bean cotyledons as raised ‘patches’ of disorganized and tangled cellulosic material, and, from these structures, ingrowths emerged via further deposition of wall material. The cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile and isoxaben both caused dramatic reductions in the number of cells depositing wall ingrowths, altered wall ingrowth morphology and visibly disrupted microfibril structure. The restriction of cellulose deposition to discrete patches suggests a novel mechanism for cellulose synthesis in this circumstance. Overall, these results implicate a central role for cellulose synthesis in reticulate wall ingrowth morphology, especially at the initial stage of ingrowth formation, possibly by providing a template for the self-assembly of wall polymers.

Keywords: Cellulose microfibril - Field emission scanning electron microscopy - Transfer cell - Vicia faba - Wall ingrowth

Abbreviations: DCB, 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile; DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide; FESEM, field emission scanning electron microscopy; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; TEM, transmission electron microscopy.

3 Present address: Microscopy Unit, CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia

4 Present address: Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 3529–6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4

(Received September 13, 2006; Accepted November 25, 2006)
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