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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on May 23, 2006
Plant and Cell Physiology 2006 47(7):905-914; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcj063
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Distinct Roles of Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase Genes in Populus

Shanfa Lu*, Yihua Zhou1, Laigeng Li and Vincent L. Chiang

Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7247, USA

* Corresponding author: E-mail, slu{at}unity.ncsu.edu; Fax, +1-919-515-7801.

Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) catalyzes the conversion of cinnamate into 4-hydroxy-cinnamate, a key reaction of the phenylpropanoid pathway which leads to the biosynthesis of several secondary metabolites. C4H genes exist as a multigene family in various plant species. In order to understand the roles of individual C4H members, four C4H cDNAs (PtreC4H) were isolated from Populus tremuloides and three C4H loci (PtriC4H) were identified in the P. trichocarpa genome. The ability of Populus C4H isoforms to convert trans-cinnamate into p-coumaric acid was verified by the examination of yeast recombinant PtreC4H proteins. Populus C4H genes were expressed in various tissues, including developing xylem, phloem and epidermis; however, the expression patterns of individual members were different from each other. Sequential analysis of C4H promoters showed that the differential expression of C4H genes was associated with cis-acting regulatory elements such as box L, box P and H box, suggesting that the divergent C4H isoforms played distinct roles in the production of secondary metabolites. The involvement of specific C4H isoforms in the biosynthesis of guaiacyl and syringyl monolignols is discussed.

1 Present address: Institute of Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.

The nucleotide sequences reported in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank database under accession numbers DQ522292 (PtreC4H1-1), DQ522293 (PtreC4H1-2), DQ522294 (PtreC4H2-1), DQ522295 (PtreC4H2-2), DQ522296 (PtreC4H1p1), DQ522297 (PtreC4H1p2) and DQ522298 (PtreC4H2p).

(Received March 8, 2006; Accepted May 13, 2006)
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