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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on February 15, 2006
Plant and Cell Physiology 2006 47(4):504-512; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcj019
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Influence of Simulated Acid Snow Stress on Leaf Tissue of Wintering Herbaceous Plants

Hidetoshi Inada1, Manabu Nagao2, Seizo Fujikawa1 and Keita Arakawa1,*

1 Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
2 Cryobiosystem Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan

* Corresponding author: E-mail, keita-ar{at}for.agr.hokudai.ac.jp; Fax, +81-011-736-1791.

Acid snow might be an environmental stress factor for wintering plants since acid precipitates are locally concentrated in snow and the period in which ice crystals are in contact with shoots might be longer than that of acid precipitates in rain. In this study, ‘equilibrium’ and ‘prolonged’ freezing tests with sulfuric acid, which simulate situations of temperature depression and chronic freezing at a subzero temperature with acid precipitate as acid snow stress, respectively, were carried out using leaf segments of cold-acclimated winter wheat. When leaf segments were frozen in the presence of sulfuric acid solution (pH 4.0, 3.0 or 2.0) by equilibrium freezing with ice seeding, the survival rate of leaf samples treated with sulfuric acid solution of pH 2.0 decreased markedly. Leaf samples after supercooling to –4 and –8°C in the presence of sulfuric acid solution (pH 2.0) without ice seeding were less damaged. When leaf samples were subjected to prolonged freezing at –4 and –8°C for 7 d with sulfuric acid (pH 2.0), the survival rates of leaf samples exposed to sulfuric acid decreased more than those of leaf samples treated with water. On the other hand, leaf samples were less damaged by prolonged supercooling at –4 and –8°C for 7 d with sulfuric acid (pH 2.0). The results suggest that an acid condition (pH 2.0) in the process of extracellular freezing and/or thawing promotes freezing injury of wheat leaves.

(Received July 8, 2005; Accepted February 6, 2006)
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