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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on December 7, 2005
Plant and Cell Physiology 2006 47(2):211-216; doi:10.1093/pcp/pci236
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Presence of Free Myxol and 4-Hydroxymyxol and Absence of Myxol Glycosides in Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413, and Proposal of a Biosynthetic Pathway of Carotenoids

Shinichi Takaichi1,*, Mari Mochimaru2 and Takashi Maoka3

1 Biological Laboratory, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki, 211-0063 Japan
2 Natural Science Faculty, Komazawa University, Setagaya, Tokyo, 154-8525 Japan
3 Research Institute for Production Development, Kyoto, 606-0805 Japan

* Corresponding author: E-mail, takaichi{at}nms.ac.jp; Fax, +81-44-722-1231.

We identified the molecular structures of all carotenoids in Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 (= IAM M-204). The major carotenoids were ß-carotene, echinenone and canthaxanthin. Myxol glycosides were absent, while free forms of myxol and 4-hydroxymyxol were present. The 4-hydroxyl group of the latter was a mixture of (4R) and (4S) configurations, which is a rare mixture in carotenoids. Thus, this strain was the first cyanobacterium found to have free myxol and not myxol glycosides, and seemed to lack the gene for or activity of glycosyl transferase. In another strain of A. variabilis IAM M-3 (= PCC 7118), we recently identified (3R,2'S)-myxol 2'-fucoside and (3S,2'S)-4-ketomyxol 2'-fucoside, and hence the strain ATCC 29413 might be useful for investigating the characteristics of myxol glycosides in cyanobacteria. Based on the identification of the carotenoids and the completion of the entire nucleotide sequence of the genome in A. variabilis ATCC 29413, we proposed a biosynthetic pathway of the carotenoids and the corresponding genes and enzymes. The homologous genes were searched by sequence homology only from the functionally confirmed genes.

This paper is dedicated to the memory of Professor Ken-ichiro Takamiya, 1943–2005.

(Received September 27, 2005; Accepted November 29, 2005)
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 J. Bacteriol.Home page
M. Mochimaru, H. Masukawa, T. Maoka, H. E. Mohamed, W. F. J. Vermaas, and S. Takaichi
Substrate Specificities and Availability of Fucosyltransferase and {beta}-Carotene Hydroxylase for Myxol 2'-Fucoside Synthesis in Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120 Compared with Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803
J. Bacteriol., October 15, 2008; 190(20): 6726 - 6733.
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