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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on November 2, 2006
Plant and Cell Physiology 2006 47(12):1678-1682; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcl029
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Short Communication

Chloroplast NAD Kinase is Essential for Energy Transduction Through the Xanthophyll Cycle in Photosynthesis

Hideyuki Takahashi1,5,*, Ayako Watanabe1,5, Ayumi Tanaka2, Shin-nosuke Hashida1, Maki Kawai-Yamada1, Kintake Sonoike3 and Hirofumi Uchimiya1,4

1 Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032 Japan
2 The Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0819 Japan
3 Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8562 Japan
4 Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate, 024-0003 Japan

* Corresponding author: E-mail, yany{at}iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Fax, +81-3-5841-8466.


  Abstract

Photosynthetic parameters of the nadk2 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, which is defective in chloroplast NAD kinase, were investigated. In this plant, the effective efficiency of photosynthetic electron transport ({Phi}II) and the quantum yield of open reaction centers of photosystem II (Fv'/Fm') were decreased. Furthermore, an increase in non-photochemical quenching attributed to energy dissipation from the xanthophyll cycle was observed. The mutant showed an aberrant de-epoxidation state of xanthophyll cycle carotenoids and had a high level of zeaxanthin even under low light conditions. These results indicate that chloroplast NAD kinase, catalyzing phosphorylation of NAD, is essential for the proper photosynthetic machinery of PSII and the xanthophyll cycle.

Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana - Energy dissipation - NAD kinase - PSII - Xanthophyll cycle

Abbreviations: CaM, calmodulin; {Phi}II, the effective quantum yield of PSII; NPQ, non-photochemical quenching; qP, photochemical quenching.

5 These authors contributed equally to this work.

(Received June 27, 2006; Accepted October 26, 2006)
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