Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on July 15, 2005
Plant and Cell Physiology 2005 46(9):1437-1442; doi:10.1093/pcp/pci170
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Control of Cell Division and Transcription by Cyclin-dependent Kinase-activating Kinases in Plants
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032 Japan
* Corresponding author: E-mail, mumeda{at}iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Fax, +81-3-5841-8466.
Cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) play key roles in the progression of the cell cycle in eukaryotes. A CDK-activating kinase (CAK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of CDKs to activate their enzyme activity; thus, it is involved in activation of cell proliferation. In plants, two distinct classes of CAK have been identified; CDKD is functionally related to vertebrate-type CAKs, while CDKF is a plant-specific CAK having unique enzymatic characteristics. Recently, CDKF was shown to phosphorylate and activate CDKDs in Arabidopsis. This led to a proposal that CDKD and CDKF constitute a phosphorylation cascade that mediates environmental or hormonal signals to molecular machineries that control the cell cycle and transcription. In this review, we have summarized the biochemical features of plant CAKs and discussed the manner in which they diverge from animal and yeast orthologs. We have introduced several transgenic studies in which CAK genes were used as a tool to modify the CDK activity and to analyze cell division and differentiation during organ development.
1 Present address: RIKEN, Plant Science Center, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
(Received May 31, 2005; Accepted July 12, 2005)
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