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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on March 30, 2005
Plant and Cell Physiology 2005 46(6):902-912; doi:10.1093/pcp/pci095
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JSPP © 2005

The Arabidopsis Gene CAD1 Controls Programmed Cell Death in the Plant Immune System and Encodes a Protein Containing a MACPF Domain

Chizuko Morita-Yamamuro1,5, Tomokazu Tsutsui1, Masanao Sato2, Hirofumi Yoshioka3, Masanori Tamaoki4, Daisuke Ogawa4, Hideyuki Matsuura2, Teruhiko Yoshihara2, Akira Ikeda1, Ichiro Uyeda2 and Junji Yamaguchi1,5,6

1 Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku N10-W8, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
2 Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku N9-W9, Sapporo 060-8589 Japan
3 Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
4 Biodiversity Conservation Research Project, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506 Japan
5 CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Japan

6 Corresponding author: E-mail, jjyama{at}sci.hokudai.ac.jp; Fax, +81-11-706-2737.

To clarify the processes involved in plant immunity, we have isolated and characterized a single recessive Arabidopsis mutant, cad1 (constitutively activated cell death 1), which shows a phenotype that mimics the lesions seen in the hypersensitive response (HR). This mutant shows spontaneously activated expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, and leading to a 32-fold increase in salicylic acid (SA). Inoculation of cad1 mutant plants with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 shows that the cad1 mutation results in the restriction of bacterial growth. Cloning of CAD1 reveals that this gene encodes a protein containing a domain with significant homology to the MACPF (membrane attack complex and perforin) domain of complement components and perforin proteins that are involved in innate immunity in animals. Furthermore, cell death is suppressed in transgenic cad1 plants expressing nahG, which encodes an SA-degrading enzyme. We therefore conclude that the CAD1 protein negatively controls the SA-mediated pathway of programmed cell death in plant immunity.

(Received February 14, 2005; Accepted March 22, 2005)
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