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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on February 8, 2005
Plant and Cell Physiology 2005 46(4):620-628; doi:10.1093/pcp/pci066
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JSPP © 2005

Expression Patterns of Genes Encoding Carbohydrate-metabolizing Enzymes and their Relationship to Grain Filling in Rice (Oryza sativa L.): Comparison of Caryopses Located at Different Positions in a Panicle

Tsutomu Ishimaru1,5,6, Tatsuro Hirose2, Toshiaki Matsuda3, Akitoshi Goto1,2, Kazunari Takahashi1, Haruto Sasaki1, Tomio Terao2, Ryu-ichi Ishii4, Ryu Ohsugi1 and Tohru Yamagishi1

1 Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
2 Department of Rice Research, National Agricultural Research Center, Joetsu, Niigata, 943-0193 Japan
3 School of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki, 300-0393 Japan
4 College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-8510 Japan

5 Corresponding author: E-mail, aa17002{at}hotmail.com; Fax, +81-29-838-8837.

In rice, caryopses located at the base of the panicle have a lower growth rate than those at the tip of the panicle. The former and latter types of caryopses are called inferior and superior caryopses, respectively. Taking the different growth rate into consideration, sugar status and the expression of genes encoding carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes in inferior caryopses were compared with those in superior caryopses. During the first 5 d after flowering, superior caryopses elongated rapidly, but inferior caryopses did not. At this phase, inferior caryopses had a low ratio of hexose to sucrose, high activity of acid invertase and the absence of the expression of the genes encoding the above enzymes except for two isoforms of cell wall invertase, OsCIN4 and INV1, in comparison with superior caryopses. At the start of caryopsis elongation in both superior and inferior caryopses, the hexose/sucrose ratio increased accompanied by gene expression of vacuolar invertase (INV3), sucrose synthase (RSus1) and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP-L2: D50317). Furthermore, the genes related to endospermal starch accumulation were expressed highly with the decrease in the hexose/sucrose ratio after its peak. Based on the comparison of superior and inferior caryopses, the possible mechanism of grain filling in rice is discussed.

6 Present address: Department of Rice Research, National Institute of Crop Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518 Japan

Received December 3, 2004; Accepted January 25, 2005
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