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Plant and Cell Physiology, 2004, Vol. 45, No. 5 543-549
© 2004 Oxford University Press

Accumulation of 1,3-ß-D-glucans, in Response to Aluminum and Cytosolic Calcium in Triticum aestivum

Paulus Bhuja, Kristi McLachlan, Julie Stephens and Gregory Taylor1

University of Alberta, Department of Biological Sciences, CW405 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9 Canada

One of the most rapid responses to aluminum (Al) stress in plants is enhanced synthesis and deposition of 1,3-ß-D-glucans (callose) in root tips. Ironically, Al-induced synthesis and deposition of callose occurs in vivo, despite evidence from in vitro systems that suggests that Al is a powerful inhibitor of 1,3-ß-D-glucan synthase. We set out to test the hypothesis that an Al-induced increase in the activity of free calcium in the cytoplasm ([Ca2+]cyt) is the trigger for enhanced synthesis of callose in in vivo systems, an effect that would not be observed in in vitro systems. Root tips of an Al-sensitive cultivar of Triticum aestivum were treated with Al (0–100 µM) or the Ca ionophore A23187 (0–3 µM) for 3–24 h, and the effects on [Ca2+]cyt and synthesis of callose were measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Treatment with Al induced a rapid increase in both [Ca2+]cyt (4.7-fold) and synthesis of callose (30-fold). Treatment with the Ca ionophore, A23187, also elicited an increase in [Ca2+]cyt (6.6-fold). Despite a greater increase in [Ca2+]cyt in the presence of A23187, this increase was accompanied by a smaller increase in callose deposition (11-fold) than was observed in the presence of Al. These data suggest that an increase in [Ca2+]cyt is not the only factor modulating increases in callose synthesis and deposition in the presence of Al.

1 Corresponding author: E-mail, gregory.taylor{at}ualberta.ca; Fax, +1-780-492-9234 (c/o Gregory Taylor).


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