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Plant and Cell Physiology, 2004, Vol. 45, No. 2 211-220
© 2004 Oxford University Press

Microtubule Defects and Cell Morphogenesis in the lefty1lefty2 Tubulin Mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana

Tatsuya Abe1, Siripong Thitamadee1,2 and Takashi Hashimoto3

Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan

lefty1 and lefty2 are semi-dominant left-handed helical growth mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana, which result from identical dominant-negative amino acid substitutions in {alpha}-tubulin 6 and {alpha}-tubulin 4, respectively. Here we characterized the expression patterns of the affected tubulin genes and the phenotypes of the lefty double mutant to address increasing effects of microtubule defects on cell morphogenesis. Both tubulin genes were expressed ubiquitously in examined tissue and cell types, and the {alpha}-tubulin 2/4/6 subfamily transcripts predominated over other {alpha}-tubulin transcripts in Arabidopsis seedlings. The lefty double mutant seedlings showed helical growth in hypocotyls and radial cell expansion in the root elongation zone where mutant cortical microtubule arrays were more fragmented and less well aligned than wild-type arrays. Branching of leaf trichomes was highly reduced. In adult mutant plants, anisotropic growth of anther filament cells was severely impaired. These results suggest that left-handed twisted elongation is an intermediate state that leads to full isotropic expansion as the cortical microtubules are increasingly destabilized.

1 These authors contributed equally to this work.

2 Present address: Lab of Plant Molecular Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, U.S.A.

3 Corresponding author: E-mail, hasimoto{at}bs.aist-nara.ac.jp; Fax, +1-743-72-5529.


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