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Plant and Cell Physiology, 2004, Vol. 45, No. 2 146-159
© 2004 Oxford University Press

Function, Intracellular Localization and the Importance in Salt Tolerance of a Vacuolar Na+/H+ Antiporter from Rice

Atsunori Fukuda1,3, Atsuko Nakamura2, Akemi Tagiri1, Hiroshi Tanaka1,4, Akio Miyao1, Hirohiko Hirochika1 and Yoshiyuki Tanaka1

1 National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602 Japan
2 Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572 Japan

We examined the function and intracellular localization of the product of the Na+/H+ antiporter gene (OsNHX1) cloned from rice (Oryza sativa). OsNHX1 has the ability to suppress Na+, Li+ and hygromycin sensitivity of yeast nhx1 mutants and sensitivity to a high K+ concentration, a novel phenotype of the nhx1 mutants. Analysis using rice cells expressing a fusion protein of OsNHX1 and green fluorescent protein and Western blot analysis using antibodies specific for OsNHX1 confirmed the localization of OsNHX1 on the tonoplasts. These results indicate that the OsNHX1 gene encodes a vacuolar (Na+, K+)/H+ antiporter. Treatment with high concentrations of NaCl and KCl increased the transcript levels of OsNHX1 in rice roots and shoots. In addition, overexpression of OsNHX1 improved the salt tolerance of transgenic rice cells and plants. These results suggest that OsNHX1 on the tonoplasts plays important roles in the compartmentation of Na+ and K+ highly accumulated in the cytoplasm into the vacuoles, and the amount of the antiporter is one of the most important factors determining salt tolerance in rice.

3 Corresponding author: E-mail, fukuda{at}affrc.go.jp; Fax, +81-29-838-8347.

4 Present address: Department of Rice Research, National Agricultural Research Center, Inada 1-2-1, Joetsu, Niigata, 943-0193 Japan.


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