Plant and Cell Physiology, 2004, Vol. 45, No. 2 129-137
© 2004 Oxford University Press
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Reduced Glutathione is a Novel Regulator of Vernalization-Induced Bolting in the Rosette Plant Eustoma grandiflorum
1 RIBS Okayama (Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Okayama), 7549-1 Yoshikawa, Kayou-cho, Okayama, 716-1241 Japan
2 Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Japan
The transition from the vegetative rosette stage to the reproductive growth stage (bolting) in the rosette plant Eustoma grandiflorum has a strict requirement for vernalization, a treatment that causes oxidative stress. Since we have shown that reduced glutathione (GSH) and its biosynthesis are associated with bolting in another rosette plant Arabidopsis thaliana, we here investigated whether a similar mechanism governs the vernalization-induced bolting of E. grandiflorum. Addition of GSH or its precursor cysteine, instead of vernalization, induced bolting but other thiols, dithiothreitol and 2-mercaptoethanol, did not. The inductive effect of vernalization on bolting was nullified by addition of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, without decreasing the plant growth rate. BSO-mediated inhibition of bolting was reversed by addition of GSH but not by cysteine. These indicate that vernalization-induced bolting involves GSH biosynthesis and is specifically regulated by GSH. Plant GSH increased during the early vernalization period along with the activity of 
-glutamylcysteine synthetase that catalyzes the first step of GSH biosynthesis, although there was little change in amounts of GSH precursor thiols, cysteine and -glutamylcysteine. These findings strongly suggest that vernalization stimulates GSH synthesis and synthesized GSH specifically determines the bolting time of E. grandiflorum.
3 Present address: Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8255 Japan.
4 Corresponding author: E-mail, ogawa_k{at}bc4.so-net.ne.jp; Fax, +81-866-56-9454.
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