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Plant and Cell Physiology, 2003, Vol. 44, No. 12 1396-1402
© 2003 Oxford University Press

Feedback Regulation of the Ammonium Transporter Gene Family AMT1 by Glutamine in Rice

Yutaka Sonoda1,6, Akira Ikeda1,2,6, Satomi Saiki3, Tomoyuki Yamaya4,5 and Junji Yamaguchi1,7

1 Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku N10-W8, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
2 CREST, JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency)
3 Division of Bioresources and Product Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku N9-W9, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
4 Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
5 Plant Science Center, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan

The three members of the rice OsAMT1 gene family of ammonium transporters show distinct expression patterns; constitutive and ammonium-promoted expression in shoots and roots for OsAMT1;1; root-specific and ammonium-inducible expression for OsAMT1;2; root-specific and nitrogen-repressible expression for OsAMT1;3 [Sonoda et al. (2003), Plant Cell Physiol. 44: 726]. To clarify the feedback mechanisms, and to identify regulatory factors of the OsAMT1 genes, the accumulation of the three mRNAs and its dependence on endogenous nitrogen compounds (as quantified by capillary electrophoresis) was studied. Ammonium application to roots following a period of nitrogen starvation induced accumulation of OsAMT1;1 and OsAMT1;2 mRNA, but a decrease of OsAMT1;3 mRNA levels. The expression patterns of the three genes showed good correlation (positive in OsAMT1;1 and OsAMT1;2, negative in OsAMT1;3) with the root tissue contents of glutamine but not of ammonium. The ammonium effects on OsAMT1 expression were prevented by methionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase. Moreover, glutamine had the same effect on transcriptional regulation of OsAMT1 genes as ammonium, indicating that glutamine rather than ammonium controls the expression of ammonium transporter genes in rice. These results imply that rice possesses unique mechanisms of adaptation to variable nitrogen sources in the soil.

6 Y.S. and A.I. contributed equally to this work.

7 Corresponding author: E-mail, jjyama{at}sci.hokudai.ac.jp; Fax, +81-11-706-2737.


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