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Plant and Cell Physiology, 2003, Vol. 44, No. 11 1119-1130
© 2003 Oxford University Press

Rapid Paper

Comparative Genetic Studies on the APRR5 and APRR7 Genes Belonging to the APRR1/TOC1 Quintet Implicated in Circadian Rhythm, Control of Flowering Time, and Early Photomorphogenesis

Yoko Yamamoto1,4, Eriko Sato1,4, Tomo Shimizu1,4, Norihito Nakamich1, Shusei Sato2, Tomohiko Kato2, Satoshi Tabata2, Akira Nagatani3, Takafumi Yamashino1 and Takeshi Mizuno1,5

1 Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, School of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
2 Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kazusa, Chiba, 292-0812 Japan
3 Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan

In Arabidopsis thaliana, a number of circadian-associated factors have been identified. Among those, TOC1 (TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1) is believed to be a component of the central oscillator. TOC1 is a member of a small family of proteins, designated as Arabidopsis PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATORS (APRR1/TOC1, APRR3, APRR5, APRR7, and APRR9). Nonetheless, it is not very clear whether or not the APRR family members other than APRR1/TOC1 are also implicated in the mechanisms underlying the circadian rhythm. To address this issue further, here we characterized a set of T-DNA insertion mutants, each of which is assumed to have a severe lesion in each one of the quintet genes (i.e. APRR5 and APRR7). For each of these mutants (aprr5-11 and aprr7-11) we demonstrate that a given mutation singly, if not directly, affects the circadian-associated biological events simultaneously: (i) flowering time in the long-day photoperiod conditions, (ii) red light sensitivity of seedlings during the early photomorphogenesis, and (iii) the period of free-running rhythms of certain clock-controlled genes including CCA1 and APRR1/TOC1 in constant white light. These results suggest that, although the quintet members other than APRR1/TOC1 may not be directly integrated into the framework of the central oscillator, they are crucial for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the Arabidopsis circadian clock.

4 These authors contributed equally to this work.

5 Corresponding author: E-mail, tmizuno{at}agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp; Fax, +81-52-789-4091.


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