Plant and Cell Physiology, 2003, Vol. 44, No. 11 1119-1130
© 2003 Oxford University Press
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Comparative Genetic Studies on the APRR5 and APRR7 Genes Belonging to the APRR1/TOC1 Quintet Implicated in Circadian Rhythm, Control of Flowering Time, and Early Photomorphogenesis
1 Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, School of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
2 Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kazusa, Chiba, 292-0812 Japan
3 Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
In Arabidopsis thaliana, a number of circadian-associated factors have been identified. Among those, TOC1 (TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1) is believed to be a component of the central oscillator. TOC1 is a member of a small family of proteins, designated as Arabidopsis PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATORS (APRR1/TOC1, APRR3, APRR5, APRR7, and APRR9). Nonetheless, it is not very clear whether or not the APRR family members other than APRR1/TOC1 are also implicated in the mechanisms underlying the circadian rhythm. To address this issue further, here we characterized a set of T-DNA insertion mutants, each of which is assumed to have a severe lesion in each one of the quintet genes (i.e. APRR5 and APRR7). For each of these mutants (aprr5-11 and aprr7-11) we demonstrate that a given mutation singly, if not directly, affects the circadian-associated biological events simultaneously: (i) flowering time in the long-day photoperiod conditions, (ii) red light sensitivity of seedlings during the early photomorphogenesis, and (iii) the period of free-running rhythms of certain clock-controlled genes including CCA1 and APRR1/TOC1 in constant white light. These results suggest that, although the quintet members other than APRR1/TOC1 may not be directly integrated into the framework of the central oscillator, they are crucial for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the Arabidopsis circadian clock.
4 These authors contributed equally to this work.
5 Corresponding author: E-mail, tmizuno{at}agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp; Fax, +81-52-789-4091.
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