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Plant and Cell Physiology, 2002, Vol. 43, No. 5 467-478
© 2002 Oxford University Press

The ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 Gene of Arabidopsis thaliana, Required for Formation of a Symmetric Flat Leaf Lamina, Encodes a Member of a Novel Family of Proteins Characterized by Cysteine Repeats and a Leucine Zipper

Hidekazu Iwakawa1, Yoshihisa Ueno1, Endang Semiarti1,4, Hitoshi Onouchi1,5, Shoko Kojima2, Hirokazu Tsukaya3, Mitsuyasu Hasebe3, Teppei Soma1, Masaya Ikezaki1, Chiyoko Machida2 and Yasunori Machida1,6

1 Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan 2 College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501 Japan 3 National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigounaka, Myo-daiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8585 Japan

The ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana is involved in the establishment of the leaf venation system, which includes the prominent midvein, as well as in the development of a symmetric lamina. The gene product also represses the expression of class 1 knox homeobox genes in leaves. We have characterized the AS2 gene, which appears to encode a novel protein with cysteine repeats (designated the C-motif) and a leucine-zipper-like sequence in the amino-terminal half of the primary sequence. The Arabidopsis genome contains 42 putative genes that potentially encode proteins with conserved amino acid sequences that include the C-motif and the leucine-zipper-like sequence in the amino-terminal half. Thus, the AS2 protein belongs to a novel family of proteins that we have designated the AS2 family. Members of this family except AS2 also have been designated ASLs (AS2-like proteins). Transcripts of AS2 were detected mainly in adaxial domains of cotyledonary primordia. Green fluorescent protein-fused AS2 was concentrated in plant cell nuclei. Overexpression of AS2 cDNA in transgenic Arabidopsis plants resulted in upwardly curled leaves, which differed markedly from the downwardly curled leaves generated by loss-of-function mutation of AS2. Our results suggest that AS2 functions in the transcription of a certain gene(s) in plant nuclei and thereby controls the formation of a symmetric flat leaf lamina and the establishment of a prominent midvein and other patterns of venation.

4 Current address: Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.

5 Current address: Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan.

6 Corresponding author: E-mail, yas@bio.nagoya-u.ac.jp; Fax, +81-52-789-2966.


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