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Plant and Cell Physiology, 2001, Vol. 42, No. 6 566-575
© 2001 Oxford University Press

Ancestral MADS Box Genes in Sugi, Cryptomeria japonica D. Don (Taxodiaceae), Homologous to the B Function Genes in Angiosperms

Mitsue Fukui1, Norihiro Futamura, Yuzuru Mukai2, Yunqiu Wang3, Akinori Nagao and Kenji Shinohara Molecular and Cell Biology Section, Bio-Resources Technology Division, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Kukizaki, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki, 305-8687 Japan

In flowering plants, flower organ identity is controlled by the ABC genes, including several MADS box genes. We present two MADS box genes of a conifer, Cryptomeria japonica D. Don. The genes, CjMADS1 and CjMADS2, were related to the angiosperm B function genes which determine the identities of petals and stamens. A phylogenetic analysis showed that these genes form a new clade outside the angiosperm B group, that is, PISTILLATA (PI) and APETALA3 (AP3) lineages. CjMADS1 had a PI-group specific motif and CjMADS2 had AP3-group specific motifs at the C terminal end, respectively. CjMADS1 was expressed in male strobili (or cones) throughout its development, while CjMADS2 was transiently expressed during male strobilus development. The specific expression in the male reproductive organ indicated that the B function is maintained in gymnosperms. Our cladistic analysis suggests that the gene duplication event which generated B function gene lineages predates the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms and that the gene duplication which produced the two genes of C. japonica occurred in an ancestral conifer species.

1 Corresponding author: E-mail, mitsue@ffpri.affrc.go.jp; Fax, +81-298-73-3795.

2 Present address: Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529 Japan.

3 Present address: Department of Biology, University of Miami, P.O. Box 249118, Coral Gables, FL 33124-0421, U.S.A.


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