Plant and Cell Physiology, 2001, Vol. 42, No. 4 358-365
© 2001 Oxford University Press
Mechanosensitive Ca2+ Release from Intracellular Stores in Nitella flexilis
1 Biological Laboratory, The University of the Air, 2-11 Wakaba, Mihama-ku, Chiba, 261-8586 Japan 2 Department of Applied Physics and Chemistry, Fukui University of Technology, Gakuen, Fukui, 910-8505 Japan
We found previously that the cytoplasmic drop isolated from internodal cells of Nitella flexilis releases Ca2+ in response to hypotonic treatment and named the phenomenon hydration-induced Ca2+ release (HICR). The HICR is assumed to be a result of activation of Ca2+ permeable channels in the membrane of Ca2+ stores in a stretch-activated manner. To prove this idea, mechanical stimulus was applied to the drop by means of shooting isotonic/hypnotic medium or silicon oil into the drop, or compressing the drop. All these mechanical stimuli induced a rapid increase in the Ca2+ concentration of the drop. The chloroplast fraction isolated from the cytoplasmic drop released Ca2+ on compression, while the chloroplast-free cytoplasm did not. In Chara corallina, the cytoplasmic drop, which shows a very weak HICR, also responded weakly to the mechanical stimulus, but the chloroplast fraction was inert. When chloroplasts from Chara were added to the chloroplast-free cytoplasm of N. flexilis, the cytoplasm recovered the mechanoresponse. Starch grains were as effective as chloroplasts. The data indicate that Ca2+ permeable channels in the membrane of Ca2+ stores in N. flexilis are really mechano-sensitive.
3 Present address: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181 Japan.
4 Corresponding author: E-mail, Masashi.Tazawa@mb5.seikyou.ne.jp; Fax, +81-77-524-9221.
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