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Plant and Cell Physiology, 2001, Vol. 42, No. 2 138-145
© 2001 Oxford University Press

High Level Expression of C4-Specific NADP-Malic Enzyme in Leaves and Impairment of Photoautotrophic Growth in a C3 Plant, Rice

Hiroko Tsuchida1, Tesshu Tamai1, Hiroshi Fukayama1, Sakae Agarie ,1,5, Mika Nomura2, Haruko Onodera1, Kazuko Ono1, Yaeko Nishizawa1, Byung-Hyun Lee ,1,6, Sakiko Hirose1, Seiichi Toki1, Maurice S. B. Ku3, Makoto Matsuoka4 and Mitsue Miyao ,1,7

1 National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Tsukuba, 305-8602 Japan 2 Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0795 Japan 3 Botany Department, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4238, U.S.A. 4 BioScience Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 461-8601 Japan

The chloroplastic NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) is a key enzyme of the C4 photosynthesis pathway in NADP-ME type C4 plants such as maize. To express the chloroplastic NADP-ME in leaves of a C3 plant, rice, full-length cDNAs encoding the rice C3-specific isoform and the maize C4-specific isoform of the enzyme were expressed under the control of the rice Cab promoter. Transformants carrying the rice cDNA showed the NADP-ME activities in the leaves less than several-fold that of non-transformants, while those carrying the maize cDNA showed activities up to 30-fold that of non-transformants or about 60% of the NADP-ME activity of maize leaves. These results indicate that expression of the rice C3-specific NADP-ME is suppressed at co- and/or post-transcriptional levels by some regulation mechanisms intrinsic to rice, while that of the foreign C4-specific isoform can escape from such suppression. The accumulation of the maize C4-specific NADP-ME led to bleaching of leaf color and growth hindrance in rice plants under natural light. These deteriorative effects resulted from enhanced photoinhibition of photosynthesis due to an increase in the level of NADPH inside the chloroplast by the action of the maize enzyme.

5 Present address: Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502 Japan.

6 Present address: Plant Metabolism Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, 449-701 Korea.

7 Corresponding author: E-mail, mmiyao@abr.affrc.go.jp; Fax, +81-298-38-7073.


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