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Plant and Cell Physiology, 2001, Vol. 42, No. 10 1112-1118
© 2001 Oxford University Press

Phytoene Desaturase, CrtI, of the Purple Photosynthetic Bacterium, Rubrivivax gelatinosus, Produces both Neurosporene and Lycopene

Jiro Harada1,4, Kenji V. P. Nagashima1, Shinichi Takaichi2, Norihiko Misawa3, Katsumi Matsuura1 and Keizo Shimada1

1 Department of Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-ohsawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397 Japan 2 Biological Laboratory, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki, 211-0063 Japan 3 Central Laboratories for Key Technology, Kirin Brewery, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan

Biosynthetic pathways for carotenoids in the purple photosynthetic bacterium, Rubrivivax gelatinosus, which synthesizes spirilloxanthin in addition to spheroidene and OH-spheroidene, were investigated by means of genetic manipulation. A phytoene desaturase gene (crtI) found in the photosynthesis gene cluster of this bacterium was expressed in an Escherichia coli strain that can produce phytoene. Both neurosporene and lycopene were synthesized in the recombinant, probably by three- and four-step desaturation reactions of CrtI. A mutant of Rvi. gelatinosus lacking the crtI gene produced only phytoene, indicating that this organism had no other phytoene desaturases. When the crtI deletion mutant was complemented by the three-step phytoene desaturase of Rhodobacter capsulatus, spirilloxanthin and its precursors were not synthesized, although spheroidene and OH-spheroidene were accumulated. It was concluded that neurosporene and lycopene are produced by a single phytoene desaturase in Rvi. gelatinosus resulting in the synthesis of spheroidene and spirilloxanthin, and that there are no pathways for spirilloxanthin synthesis via spheroidene.

4 Corresponding author: E-mail, j-harada@comp.metro-u.ac.jp; Fax, +81-426-77-2559.


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