Plant and Cell Physiology, 1997, Vol. 38, No. 9 1019-1025
© 1997
Specific Secretion of Citric Acid Induced by Al Stress in Cassia tora L.
Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710 Japan
A rapid and sensitive assay method for Al-chelating activity was established to screen Al-chelating substances secreted from roots of Al-resistant species in response to Al stress. From one Al-resistant species, Cassia tora L., an Al-chelating substance was detected in the root exudates when they were exposed to SO µM Al in 0.5 mM CaCl2 solution at pH 4.5; the dominant component was identified as citric acid. The secretion of citric acid was very low during the first 4 h after initiation of Al treatment, but increased markedly thereafter. A 3-h pulse with 50 µM Al also induced significant secretion of citric acid after 6 h. The lag between Al addition and secretion of citric acid suggests that inducible processes are involved. A dose-response experiment showed that the amount of secreted citric acid increased with increasing external concentrations of Al. Eight-d treatment of P deficiency did not induce the secretion of citric acid. Exposure to 50µM of either lanthanum (La3+) or ytterbium (Yb3+) did not induce the secretion of citric acid either. These findings indicate that the secretion of citric acid is a response specific to Al stress in .C. toraand constitutes a mechanism of Al resistance.
(Received April 23, 1997; Accepted June 25, 1997)
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