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Plant and Cell Physiology, 1996, Vol. 37, No. 8 1054-1058
© 1996

Promotion of Cocklebur Seed Germination by Allyl, Sulfur and Cyanogenic Compounds

Akiko Maruyama1, Makoto Yoshiyama1, Yasuhiro Adachi1, Akinobu Tani1, Ryo Hasegawa2 and Yohji Esashi3

1Laboratory of Environmental Science, Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University North Campus, Kawauchi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-77 Japan
2Agricultural Science Research Laboratory, Takarazuka Research Center, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. Takarazuka, 655 Japan

3Correspondence author: Yohji Esashi Laboratory of Environmental Science, Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, North Campus of Tohoku University, Kawauchi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-77, Japan. Fax: 81-22-263-9279.

The effects of allyl, sulfur and cyanogenic compounds on the germination of upper cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds were examined. Mercaptoethanol and methylmercaptan as well as KCN, substrates for rßcyanoalanine synthase (CAS), and H2S and thiocyanate, the products of the CAS catalyzing reaction, were effective in promoting germination, suggesting the involvement of CAS in germination.

Most of allyl compounds, especially allylthiourea, as well as ethylene which activated CAS [Hasegawa et al. (1994) Physiol. Plant. 91: 141], promoted the germination in an abnormal type which occurred by the predominant growth of cotyledons as did C2H4 [Katoh and Esashi (1975) Plant Cell Physiol. 16: 687]. However, they failed to activate CAS unlike ethylene, and to liberate free ethylene during an incubation period. It was thus possible that an C2H4-like double bond within allyl compounds can act to promote seed germination.

(Received June 10, 1996; Accepted August 21, 1996)
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