Plant and Cell Physiology, 1994, Vol. 35, No. 6 935-942
© 1994
Morphology and Microtubule Organization in Arabidopsis Roots Exposed to Oryzalin or Taxol
1Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri 65211, U.S.A.
2Plant Cell Biology Group and Plant Science Center, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
3Author for correspondence, at University of Missouri.
In roots of Arabidopsis thaliana, we examined the effects of low concentrations of microtubule inhibitors on the polarity of growth and on the organization of microtubule arrays. Intact 6 d old seedlings were transplanted onto plates containing inhibitors, and sampled 12 h, 24 h and 48 h later. Oryzalin, a compound that causes microtubule depolymerization, stimulates the radial expansion of roots. The amount of radial swelling is linearly proportional to the logarithm of the oryzalin concentration, from the response threshold, 170 nM, to 1 µM. Cells in the zone of division were slightly more sensitive to oryzalin than were cells in the zone of pure elongation. Radial swelling is also stimulated by taxol, a compound that causes microtubule polymerization. Taxol at 1 µM causes little swelling, but at 10µM causes extensive radial swelling of cells in the elongation zone, and does not affect cells in the division zone. To examine the microtubules in these roots, we used methacrylate sections with immunofluorescence microscopy. At all concentrations of oryzalin, cortical arrays are disorganized and depleted of microtubules, and the microtubules themselves often appear fragmented. These effects increase in severity with concentration, but are unmistakable at 170 nM. In taxol, cortical arrays appear to be more intensely stained than those of controls. At 10 µM, many cells in growing regions of the stele have longitudinal microtubules, whereas many cells in the cortex appear to have transversely aligned microtubules. Taxol affects microtubules in cells of division and elongation zones to the same extent, despite the observed difference in growth. We conclude that the precise, spatial pattern of cortical microtubules may not be primarily responsible for controlling growth anisotropy; and that control over growth anisotropy may differ between dividing and non-dividing cells.
(Received December 6, 1993; Accepted June 7, 1994)
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  C. A. Konopka and S. Y. Bednarek Comparison of the Dynamics and Functional Redundancy of the Arabidopsis Dynamin-Related Isoforms DRP1A and DRP1C during Plant Development Plant Physiology, August 1, 2008; 147(4): 1590 - 1602. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. R. Paredez, S. Persson, D. W. Ehrhardt, and C. R. Somerville Genetic Evidence That Cellulose Synthase Activity Influences Microtubule Cortical Array Organization Plant Physiology, August 1, 2008; 147(4): 1723 - 1734. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. S. Poulter, S. Vatovec, and V. E. Franklin-Tong Microtubules Are a Target for Self-Incompatibility Signaling in Papaver Pollen Plant Physiology, March 1, 2008; 146(3): 1358 - 1367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Li, X.-L. Wang, G.-Q. Huang, and X.-B. Li Molecular characterization of cotton GhTUA9 gene specifically expressed in fibre and involved in cell elongation J. Exp. Bot., September 1, 2007; 58(12): 3227 - 3238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Bannigan, A. M. D. Wiedemeier, R. E. Williamson, R. L. Overall, and T. I. Baskin Cortical Microtubule Arrays Lose Uniform Alignment Between Cells and are Oryzalin Resistant in the Arabidopsis Mutant, radially swollen 6 Plant Cell Physiol., July 1, 2006; 47(7): 949 - 958. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Pastuglia, J. Azimzadeh, M. Goussot, C. Camilleri, K. Belcram, J.-L. Evrard, A.-C. Schmit, P. Guerche, and D. Bouchez {gamma}-Tubulin Is Essential for Microtubule Organization and Development in Arabidopsis PLANT CELL, June 1, 2006; 18(6): 1412 - 1425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Nakajima, T. Kawamura, and T. Hashimoto Role of the SPIRAL1 Gene Family in Anisotropic Growth of Arabidopsis thaliana Plant Cell Physiol., April 1, 2006; 47(4): 513 - 522. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Roudier, A. G. Fernandez, M. Fujita, R. Himmelspach, G. H.H. Borner, G. Schindelman, S. Song, T. I. Baskin, P. Dupree, G. O. Wasteneys, et al. COBRA, an Arabidopsis Extracellular Glycosyl-Phosphatidyl Inositol-Anchored Protein, Specifically Controls Highly Anisotropic Expansion through Its Involvement in Cellulose Microfibril Orientation PLANT CELL, June 1, 2005; 17(6): 1749 - 1763. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Y.L. Yuen, J. C. Sedbrook, R. M. Perrin, K. L. Carroll, and P. H. Masson Loss-of-Function Mutations of ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE3 Suppress Root Waving, Skewing, and Epidermal Cell File Rotation in Arabidopsis Plant Physiology, June 1, 2005; 138(2): 701 - 714. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. I. Baskin, G. T.S. Beemster, J. E. Judy-March, and F. Marga Disorganization of Cortical Microtubules Stimulates Tangential Expansion and Reduces the Uniformity of Cellulose Microfibril Alignment among Cells in the Root of Arabidopsis Plant Physiology, August 1, 2004; 135(4): 2279 - 2290. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Naoi and T. Hashimoto A Semidominant Mutation in an Arabidopsis Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-Like Gene Compromises Cortical Microtubule Organization PLANT CELL, July 1, 2004; 16(7): 1841 - 1853. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Nakajima, I. Furutani, H. Tachimoto, H. Matsubara, and T. Hashimoto SPIRAL1 Encodes a Plant-Specific Microtubule-Localized Protein Required for Directional Control of Rapidly Expanding Arabidopsis Cells PLANT CELL, May 1, 2004; 16(5): 1178 - 1190. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Gardiner, D. A. Collings, J. D. I. Harper, and J. Marc The Effects of the Phospholipase D-Antagonist 1-Butanol on Seedling Development and Microtubule Organisation in Arabidopsis Plant Cell Physiol., July 15, 2003; 44(7): 687 - 696. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Sugimoto, R. Himmelspach, R. E. Williamson, and G. O. Wasteneys Mutation or Drug-Dependent Microtubule Disruption Causes Radial Swelling without Altering Parallel Cellulose Microfibril Deposition in Arabidopsis Root Cells PLANT CELL, June 1, 2003; 15(6): 1414 - 1429. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Takahashi, K. Hirota, A. Kawahara, E. Hayakawa, and Y. Inoue Randomization of Cortical Microtubules in Root Epidermal Cells Induces Root Hair Initiation in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Seedlings Plant Cell Physiol., March 15, 2003; 44(3): 350 - 359. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. M. D. Wiedemeier, J. E. Judy-March, C. H. Hocart, G. O. Wasteneys, R. E. Williamson, and T. I. Baskin Mutant alleles of Arabidopsis RADIALLY SWOLLEN 4 and 7 reduce growth anisotropy without altering the transverse orientation of cortical microtubules or cellulose microfibrils Development, March 12, 2003; 129(20): 4821 - 4830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Y.L. Yuen, R. S. Pearlman, L. Silo-suh, P. Hilson, K. L. Carroll, and P. H. Masson WVD2 and WDL1 Modulate Helical Organ Growth and Anisotropic Cell Expansion in Arabidopsis Plant Physiology, February 1, 2003; 131(2): 493 - 506. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Ketelaar, N. C. A. de Ruijter, and A. M. C. Emons Unstable F-Actin Specifies the Area and Microtubule Direction of Cell Expansion in Arabidopsis Root Hairs PLANT CELL, January 1, 2003; 15(1): 285 - 292. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Kirik, P. E. Grini, J. Mathur, I. Klinkhammer, K. Adler, N. Bechtold, M. Herzog, J.-M. Bonneville, and M. Hulskamp The Arabidopsis TUBULIN-FOLDING COFACTOR A Gene Is Involved in the Control of the {alpha}/{beta}-Tubulin Monomer Balance PLANT CELL, September 1, 2002; 14(9): 2265 - 2276. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. E. Carette, K. Guhl, J. Wellink, and A. Van Kammen Coalescence of the Sites of Cowpea Mosaic Virus RNA Replication into a Cytopathic Structure J. Virol., May 13, 2002; 76(12): 6235 - 6243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Mathur, N. Mathur, and M. Hulskamp Simultaneous Visualization of Peroxisomes and Cytoskeletal Elements Reveals Actin and Not Microtubule-Based Peroxisome Motility in Plants Plant Physiology, March 1, 2002; 128(3): 1031 - 1045. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Tzafrir, J. A. McElver, C.-m. Liu, L. J. Yang, J. Q. Wu, A. Martinez, D. A. Patton, and D. W. Meinke Diversity of TITAN Functions in Arabidopsis Seed Development Plant Physiology, January 1, 2002; 128(1): 38 - 51. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Lally, P. Ingmire, H.-Y. Tong, and Z.-H. He Antisense Expression of a Cell Wall-Associated Protein Kinase, WAK4, Inhibits Cell Elongation and Alters Morphology PLANT CELL, June 1, 2001; 13(6): 1317 - 1332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I Furutani, Y Watanabe, R Prieto, M Masukawa, K Suzuki, K Naoi, S Thitamadee, T Shikanai, and T Hashimoto The SPIRAL genes are required for directional control of cell elongation in Aarabidopsis thaliana Development, January 10, 2000; 127(20): 4443 - 4453. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. de Almeida Engler, V. De Vleesschauwer, S. Burssens, J. L. Celenza , Jr., D. Inzé, M. Van Montagu, G. Engler, and G. Gheysen Molecular Markers and Cell Cycle Inhibitors Show the Importance of Cell Cycle Progression in Nematode-Induced Galls and Syncytia PLANT CELL, May 1, 1999; 11(5): 793 - 808. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J Mathur, P Spielhofer, B Kost, and N Chua The actin cytoskeleton is required to elaborate and maintain spatial patterning during trichome cell morphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana Development, January 12, 1999; 126(24): 5559 - 5568. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. E. Hable, S. R. Bisgrove, and D. L. Kropf To Shape a Plant—The Cytoskeleton in Plant Morphogenesis PLANT CELL, November 1, 1998; 10(11): 1772 - 1774. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. B. Blancaflor, D. L. Jones, and S. Gilroy Alterations in the Cytoskeleton Accompany Aluminum-Induced Growth Inhibition and Morphological Changes in Primary Roots of Maize Plant Physiology, September 1, 1998; 118(1): 159 - 172. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. C. Warren, K. J. Coyne, J. H. Waite, and S. C. Cary Use of Methacrylate De-embedding Protocols for In Situ Hybridization on Semithin Plastic Sections with Multiple Detection Strategies J. Histochem. Cytochem., February 1, 1998; 46(2): 149 - 156. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Hauser, A Morikami, and P. Benfey Conditional root expansion mutants of Arabidopsis Development, January 4, 1995; 121(4): 1237 - 1252. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|