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Plant and Cell Physiology, 1990, Vol. 31, No. 4 407-414
© 1990

Article

Altered Synthesis and Composition of Cell Wall of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Leaves during Expansion and Growth-Inhibiting Water Deficits1

William J. Sweet2, Janice C. Morrison3, John M. Labavitch4 and Mark A. Matthews3

2Perkin Elmer 2305 Bering Dr., San Jose, California 95131, U.S.A.
3Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A.
4Department of Pomology, University of California Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A.

The rate and composition of cell wall polysaccharide synthesis during development and growth-inhibiting water deficits were investigated in leaves of grape (Vitis vinifera L.). The rate of leaf expansion was monitored as plant water status was manipulated by modulating the supply of irrigation water to potted plants over several days. The corresponding wall synthesis was determined by incubating leaf tissue with [14C]glucose and quantifying incorporation into wall components. Samples were obtained from rapidly expanding and mature leaves before, during, and following (recovery from) moderate water deficits. Uptake was approximately 2-fold greater for mature leaf tissue than for rapidly expanding tissue at both high and low water status. In contrast, incorporation into cell wall polysaccharides was 18 to 41% (under low and high water status) of uptake in expanding leaves but less than 4% in mature tissue. Incorporation of precursor into wall polysaccharides was insensitive to plant water status in mature leaves, but was inhibited to less than 50% of well-watered controls in expanding leaves at low water potential. Incorporation of label into cellulose, uronic acid, and neutral sugar fractions was differentially affected by water deficits, with cellulose synthesis apparently exhibiting the greatest sensitivity to low water status. After rewatering, growth, as well as uptake and incorporation of label recovered, although the latter did not attain prestress rates. The results indicate a high sensitivity of wall polysaccharide (particularly cellulose) synthesis to growth-inhibiting water deficits.

1 Supported by United States Department of Agriculture, Competitive Research grant GAM 8502539.

(Received November 15, 1989; Accepted January 17, 1990)
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